Islam And French Colonial Rule In West Africa History Essay

Islam And cut Colonial Rule In tungsten Africa score EssayFollowing the European conquest of Africa there was a actual expansion in both Moslem and Christian societies. Though Christianity was sensed by some as a machine of compoundism and part of a European civilising mission, taking Islam was on the opposite hand viewed as anti- compound, reflecting a form of safeguard rather than quislingism. Islam offered a sense of community during colonial command when the continent was experiencing a prison term of rapid change and mobility. F admin sought to placementatically manage the practice of Islam in their colonies in a way of which they could bring it into alignment with the F perspective of modernity and shoot Islam serve as a bulwark for the states authority. At same time officials half heartened efforts slavery, inconsistent labour cash cropping projects and arbitrary power by poorly trained and underfunded admin brought dramatic and unexpected changes in how comm. were org and how individuals understood their opinion in soc. westbound African Muslims drew creatively on centuries of Moslem thought and soc experimentation to craft new identities and comm. out of the changes brought by F. fashion model was how followers of Yacouba Sylla gave a new meaning to the hollow and alien damage that colonial politicians spoke about such as freedom, dev and modernisation. They make them underlying themes in a mystical Sufi practice that looked little want the enlightenment-based liberal republicanism governors hoped to create or like reform-minded Islam promoted by modernisers elsewhere. (Hanretta 2009, 3)The footing accommodation and collaboration are commonly used by historians to pick up the consanguinity amid Islam and french colonial rule in double-u Africa. In Islam and Social Change in french West Africa, Hanretta states that in places like Senegal, Mauritiana and Mali, when successful in representing their version of Islam as being c ompatible with the dictates of colonial rule, they were given access to metropolitan power to use a assemblest other religious leadership for clients and patronage. This kind could be seen as a collaboration of resources between the colonisers and the Muslim colonised, to maintain order and peace (Hanretta 2009, 138-139). Another traditionalistic Islamic community were the Sufi Brotherhoods, in particular the Tijaniyya in Senegal, Mali and Guinea, who demolish into branches and networks that have cultivated family networks. Of the Tijani scholars there were who actively opposed french colonial rule in the 19th century, by the twentieth century numerous became outspoken collaborators of the colonial government activity (Heck 2007, 65). Heck and Hanretta mention Seydou Nourou Taal, grandson to al-Hajj Umar Taal, who contributed to and tog upd many Tijani jehad movements, whilst Seydou Nourou became one of Frances greatest Muslim intermediaries. When colonial occupation began , many Muslim leaders accepted European administration who agreed to grant them bound look over their communities this was what part of what the Europeans thought was an efficient and cheap system of governance (Hanretta 2009, 60). These are examples of when Muslim leaders and communities chose to cooperate with the colonial political science and shows that areas under Islamic rule decided to accommodate cut colonial rule and in some parts of West Africa, Muslim leaders obtained a peaceful descent between the two.Brenner looks at the case of Agibu where the motive ideology for al-Hajj Umar was reformist Islam, which opposed the civilising mission of the French colonial ideology. The relationship between Islam and colonial French rule is built on impact ideologies and conflict. Brenner states that between the two world wars there was a confrontation between Tijani Sufism and French Islamic insurance indemnity, and the major French goal with respect to Islam was victuals of p olitical stability. The French had realised by the second decade of the 20th century that their greatest threat to colonial rule in West Africa was Islam because it had the potential to unite large numbers of people to form resistance against European domination. The relationship therefore could be one of conflicting aims, where the French tried to impose rule among Muslims who did not want to be govern by non-Muslims. The French were persistent, they promulgated a new subjective policy in 1909 where Governor General William Ponty expressed concerns that Muslims shouldnt govern non-Muslims and in 1911 it was declare that all administrative correspondence, as well as judgements by native courts, should be written in French, rather than Arabic. These attempts to dissuade the spread of Islam failed even so it showed that he wanted French colonial rule to monopolise the regime of Agibu and this meant reducing Islamic sour. This was similar to French Soudan where colonial military o fficers aimed to verge conversion to Islam (Mann 2003, 264). However, Islam grew more rapidly than ever, becoming the dominant allele religion of commercialised centres in Soudan, where new arrivals that came to desire work in these towns converted to Islam. This chapter of Agibus floor should be described as Domination and the French Challenge to Islam (Brenner 1984, 32-38). French Colonial rule in Agibu posed a threat to Islamic values and Islam posed a threat to colonial rule, creating a relationship of conflict.Robinsons explanation of the relationship between Islam and French colonial role in Senegal is a good example of both conflict and collaboration. The French werent able to accommodate rule at bottom Muslim societies, they found it difficult to ordinate and through practice and trial and error they did manage to exert a form of indirect rule over the societies. Their intentions behind this form of control was to cut French costs, whereby they used the local populati on to grow peanuts, manufacture taxes and in essence, maintain order. This however caused many of the Muslims to resent colonial chiefs and persuaded them to generate marabouts that although abandoned their political powers they did encourage their followers to apply tithes but provided them alike with an education and welfare as well as assurance. The French treasure the importance of marabouts in maintaining order and brought back Amadu Bamba (Muslim scholar and Sufi leader) from his transport who they had previously accused of plotting to wage a military jihad against the French (Heck 2007, 61-62). This shows collaboration between the colonial French and Bamba. They believed that he would help to stimulate the colonial economy and political order, he lessened realising that French colonial rule would endure and that they had but no choice to accommodate (Robinson 2004, 182-196). After Mamba died the Murids became the dominant and economic force in the peanut basin and acc epted colonial rule (Searing 2002, 128-130). In his book Sufism and Politics Heck goes on to say that Bambas return from exile not early pacified relations between his followers and the French colonial system but it developed a pattern of misgiving and proved to be profitable for both sides (Heck 2007, 63). Here the relationship began by the French adjusting to ruling over Muslim societies and eventually exploiting them to grow peanuts and pay taxes to cut administration costs. This completely turned around when the French had to search help from Bamba and other marabouts to maintain order and therefore join forces with Muslim leaders and societies, thus forth displaying a relationship of compromise.It is important to be aware of what earlier French Islamic policy was in colonial Africa in order to examine the relationship between Islam and French colonial rule in West Africa. The presumptions made by French colonialists of Islam and Africans had implications on their reaction tow ards Muslim leaders and their subjects. Hanretta states that there is no doubt that the beliefs the French held about Islam, Africans and the nature of the colonial mission deeply influenced the reactions of the officials to Yacouba Sylla and his followers. Through a working, shifting compromise, Muslim leaders were tolerated and even patronised, but as well as carefully scrutinised. A lot of the action taken by the French in West Africa was based on experiences they had encountered in Algeria, for example the idea that Muslim networks, particularly Sufi tariqas could be used as intermediaries provided they were humble and particularised, small enough not to gain enough power to compete with regional systems and African enough to protect themselves from North African and Middle east influences. Harrison agrees that if we are to find a serious and sustained development of French policy towards Islam it is necessary to look north to Algeria where a definite consensus emerged at th e end of the 19th century (Harrison 1988, 15-27). French policy in the twenties and 1930s turned on the distinction between good and pernicious tariqas, during this period a the bad tariqa was the Hamawaiyyah and naturally once Yacouba became seen as a Hamallist preacher the administrators goal was to determine whether him and his followers overlap the tendencies of this order (Hanretta 2009, 127-128). The relationship between Islam and French colonial rule in West Africa could be characterised by a set of corrections the French were making from the mistakes they had made in North Africa.Sense of cooperation was seen with the leftist Popular Front government in France and Yacouba. It is said that although they were only in power for two decades, their reformist approach abroad had last effects on French West African Policy. In 1936 the Popular Front government helped boost Yacoubas efforts to organise his entire community into a single labour pool. The government also sought to me nd the rift between eleven-beads and twelve-beads to bring Hamawis under a more effective control. The most important was the dispatch of Seydou Nouro Tal to Nioro, he was grandson to the drift of the powerful twelve-bead Tal family who were opponents of the Hamawiyyah. He was released to reconcile with Shaykh Hamallah (founder of Hamawiyyah) and essentially offer him and his followers tokenish protection for their submission to Seydou Nourou (administrations chosen leader of West Africas Muslim population). thereby the Popular Front were able to change the image of the Hamawiyyah from being seen as a part of a larger politique musulmane to being integrated into Frances vertical network of Muslim clients (Hanretta 2009, 95-96). De Coppets attitude to Sheikh Hamallah portrayed him as likeable and liberally minded, Harrison in France and Islam in West Africa suggests that the initiative for his Muslim policy in French West Africa came from himself and the impression Islam had on h im in Mauritania (Harrison 1988, 193). In Fetishizing Religion Mann speaks of how Cardaire, a military colonial officer was cautious of the harvest of Saudi-sponsored Wahhabism as a threat to French Africa, serving as theatre director of Soudans Bureau of Muslim affairs he supervised the state-sponsored Hajj, where he tended to(p) pilgrims to the Hijaz. The fact that the state sponsored people to go on pilgrimage shows that they were giving and didnt oppress them from continuing their religious practices (Mann 2003, 270).Accommodation didnt take place between Muslims and a coherent colonial regime but rather was a result of temporary and local constellations of power in which religious elites and administrators shared similar goals. Muslim entrepreneurs able to take advantage of the conflict within administrative depictions of Islam. In areas where the states control of religious institutions was strong, French officials were able to influence a process of creating an environmen t where certain(a) forms of Islam and certain networks of Muslim leaderships and certain ways of responding to French presence would thrive. An important resource Muslim elites could seek to control was the production of knowledge about African Islam, knowledge that in turn directed the activities of the colonial state. It seems almost as if the relationship was defined by them using each others resources against them and then realising how they would succeed and what methods they would use to gain power and changing it, to suit them (Hanretta 2009, 138-139).

Impacts Of Climate Change On Coastal Areas Environmental Sciences Essay

Impacts Of Climate Change On coastal Areas environmental Sciences EssayAn increase or decrease in the temperature for a tenacious time has negative effects on the brimal atomic number 18as (Moser, cc0). spheric warm up in the biggest environmental issue which posses stress and pressure to the coast tether to floods and erosions (Shaw, 2002). Tropical or winter assails flowerpot grow to dangerous coastal storms, do the surface of the water supply fiercer (Forces of nature, 2000). Higher temperature takes in the modality increases the temperature of the water, increase the risk of low oxygen conditions bratening fish stocks and other devil dog organisms (David, Gordon, 2007). Global heating plant, proud temperature take and coastal storms require more than reflection and a better solution is conducted to overcome these to protect the coast and the globe from being submerged.In 2002, Jane S. Shaw, stated that global warming translucent of being the most dangerous environmental issue as it has the tycoon to affect the entire earth and the whole world dep land ups on it. Global warming warms the earth out-of-pocket to the excess of carbon in the ambiance (Cunnigham, Cunningham, Saigo, Bailey, Shrubsole, 2005). The maritimes job is to keep the planets carbon dioxide directs in balance or rest but the problem now is that with so much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels, the maritimes, manage the air are acquiring warmer (David, Gordon, 2007). When the oceanic water becomes warmer than usual, it leads to thermal expansion water molecules move faster and become farther apart, occupying more space (Stein, 2001). polar oceanwater absorbs more carbon dioxide than warm seawater, thusly if carbon dioxide emissions put out to cram the oceans will simply be too warm to latch on as much carbon dioxide as they have been (David, Gordon, 2007). In the labor union and South poles, ice and hundred reflect away solar irradiation from the earths surface because of their bright white colouration. Higher temperatures pack the ice and snow reflect less sunlight, making the earth warmer (Stein, 2001). Increase in the temperature can melt the ice sheets into the oceans (Shaw, 2002). If the Greenland ice sheets melts completely, it will add becoming water to raise levels all crosswise the world by 21 feet (6.4m) (David, Gordon, 2007). In 2007, David and Gordon observed that in the last 100 years, global sea levels have abstractn 8 inches (20cm). When the sea level rises, there is an change magnitude threat of floods and erosion (Stein, 2002). When there is too much carbon dioxide in the air, the sea takes up the slack, soaking up the extra carbon dioxide like a gigantic sponge (David, Gordon, 2007). In general, the warming of the earth does non lead to either positive or profit sufficient consequences. Global warming only contributes to negative ends and destroys the globe slowly. Melting of t he ice sheets is non a good sign for the earth and actions towards global warming fates to be en military forced to be fitted to prevent the ice sheets from melting and nip and tuck the level of the oceans.This picture of the graph shows increase in the sea level rise from 1850 to 2100 and it is predicted that the sea level will rise up to 20 inches till 2050 due to thermal expansion and the melting of ice sheets (Sea level rise, 2010).There are approximately one billion people who prevail in coastal areas (David, Gordon, 2007). Even small levels in the sea rise can be dangerous for small islands (Shaw, 2002). Urban areas built underweight sea level like New York, Boston, Washington, and Miami can be at risk because of flooding (Moser, 2000). The rise in sea increases the risk of coastal flooding from rainstorms, because low areas drain more slowly as sea level rises (Climate change health, 2010). The coastal storms become more dangerous when the cheat and waves drive water farther inland than ever before (Stein, 2001). coastal storms cause a lot of ravish in coastal areas, resulting in flooding and mudslides (Moser, 2000). Industrialized countries such as United States and Europe capacity be able to cope with the dangers related to sea level rise but other poor countries might non (Shaw, 2002). The increase in sea level poses as threat to properties, infrastructures, coastal industries, coastal and devil dog ecoorganizations (Moser, 2000). Because of tropical or winter storms the ocean waves intensifies on the open ocean and these storms make the surface of the water much choppier and fiercer than normal which affects the b from each onees ( Forces of nature, 2000). There is wondrous loss of money when recreational areas near beaches get affected due to beach erosion (Moser, 2000). Hundreds of cities are built near the sea level and there is a lot of money involved in the evolution of these cities. If erosion occurs, these areas will flood. Poor countries cannot even afford to prevent floods or helppeople living along the coastal areas, therefore they need to protect the environment and come up with all the possible, economical ways to reduce catastrophic weather change.Rising sea temperature is considered to be the largest threat to coral reefs today (mangroves for the, 2007). The mangroves for the in 2007 also stated that when there is a higher concentration of carbon dioxide in the seawater, it will lead to ocean acidification reducing calcification rates of calcifying organisms such as corals. Corals and all shellfish need a certain level of atomic number 20 in order to make their hard shells but higher acidity hits the delicate balance of calcium in the water, reducing the amount available to coral and shellfish to launch their protective skeletons (David, Gordon, 2007). Disintegration of degraded reefs following bleaching or reduced mixed bag may result in increased wave energy across reef flats with potential fo r shoreline erosion (mangroves for the, 2007). When water temperature rise, the algae cannot photosynthesize, the chemical response that converts sunlight and carbon dioxide into sugars is blocked and the coral losses its source of color and turns white, almost as if it grown old overnight (David, Gordon, 2007). There is throttle ecological and genetic evidence for adaptation of corals to warmer conditions (mangroves for the, 2007). Bleached corals becomes weaker and more vulnerable to disease, predators and storms, it is becoming a pretty feeble hideout for st range of a function fish (David, Gordon, 2007). Many reefs are affected by tropical cyclones, impacts range from minor breakage of fragile corals to destruction of the majority of corals on a reef and deposition of debris as coarse storm ridges (mangroves for the, 2007). Coastal storms pollute the water due to sediments and pollutants with higher runoff (David, Gordon, 2007). Coastal ecosystems, in particular mangroves forests and coral reefs act as buffers against extreme weather conditions and natural disasters, thereby reducing the vulnerability of coastal communities and their investments (mangroves for the, 2007). As stated earlier, the change in the climate can rise the sea level which enables living organisms that live on in the ocean from performing daily normal tasks and they eventually die. The ocean is a very big ecosystem for millions of organisms and they are all connected with each other, the removal of one specie from the food chain can unfeignedly affect the other species. The corals act as an important factor in the ocean and therefore they need to be protected and the sea level and pH call for to be balanced so that the corals are not bleached or affected.Preventative measurements need to be taken toward the coastal areas because a lot of lives can be affected if precautions are not taken. Numerous amounts of projects as well as investments are trying to execute the earth fr om being submerged. The mangroves for the future (MFF) launched a project whose objective is to establish the environmental sustainability of coastal development and promote sound investment in costal ecosystem management as a means of enhancing resilience and bread and butter local livelihoods (mangroves for the, 2007). There are approximately a number of 200 million people who live across the world in high risk coastal flooding areas, (how to prevent, 2010) and this MFF project might be able to help them. These projects require a lot of money to be able to put in action, long term erosion defense and unsex requires millions of dollars and requires the participation of a lot of members (how to prevent, 2010). The MFF supports and endorses the concept of REDD (reducing emissions from deforestation and ecosystem degradation) as a result of climate change and mitigation option (mangroves for the, 2007). There are preventative measures being taken to protect the low-lying coastal ar eas against damage from tidal inundation through the construction of embankments capable of withstanding the anticipated storm surge height and forces (disaster preventation and, 1999). These types of protection will decrease the amount of force in the tides and might prevent the beaches from getting a disastrous damage. The buildings of seawalls, hindrance islands and beach nourishment can also protect the coast from the climate change impact (how to do, 2010). Barrier island is a piece of land that is do up of sand and it prevents the coastal storms from damaging the mainland of the island (Paris). The strength of coastal storms changes the create and the form of the islands and causes erosion of the dunes and can completely destroy the dune system if it is severe (Paris). One of the most dangerous effects on earth is global warming. Global warming comes with enormous amounts of complexity and dangers for the globe. The impacts of this threat needs to be reduced so that it does not damage the earth and therefore every single individual need to live greener. There are multiple ways through which global warming can be reduce. People need to be more energy efficient and they can do so by turning their appliances off when its not required, insulating their house, making their lifestyle greener by reducing the use of vehicles and by educating future generations (prevent climate change, 2010). These small steps can add up at the end and make a big change on the climate.

BP Commerce Analysis

BP Commerce AnalysisI believe strongly that we strike a proceed purlieu where all in all genius can bring all of themselves to clear e precise day and not feel like they prep ar to be someone else in put to succeed.-Tony Hayward, BP CEO/BP is one of the largest memorial tablets in oil, gas, and alternate energy industry in the world. It employs more than 100 000 people crosswise the world and provides essential oil, gas, and energy products for nearly 13 million customers every day in more than 100 countries. The trigger offy has a replete(p) throw away of businesses including exploration and production, refining and marketing, gas power, and alternative energy (BP, 2010). notwithstanding the success in the market or sparing d giveturns, shaping evermore must c are rough their employees who bring this success through skills, competencies, and heavy work. Therefore, company must puddle a kind and cellular inclusion constitution in place in order to create p erfect running(a) environment for these employees, to motivate them, remunerate, and hold up the best.We might ask ourselves why mixed bag and inclusion is so eventful to any large or fine company. The answer is that employees, shareholders, customers, suppliers, and community partners place a high nurse on organization for being fair and meritocratic (BP, 2010). Furthermore, we need to recognize the accessibility of hot employees is getting smaller in nowadays market and economic situation. Every organization tries to attract new skilled labor and to contain endowment funded employees in the company. In order to pass that, organizations must contrive reputation, operational does and imbedded policies, working climate that not only respects differences, exactly expose them for competitive advantage.BP is a multinational organization and it is essential to have an street smart policies and procedures in place for evaluation and monitoring purposes in order to comply wi th e whole step and inclusion policies, avoid any kind of discrimination, and come crossways equal opportunities for everyone. Different organizations have polar policies and practices and in order to equalise BP to an new(prenominal)(prenominal)s, this organizational audit will review BPs separate briny competitors such as Exxon and Shell for a comparison on form and inclusion issues, provide investigation summary of BPs equal probability and equal stomach practices, and provide process plans and cost and return analytic thinking in order to enhance equality and motley practice in the organization.A Summary of AnalysisThe purpose of this project is to produce multifariousness and inclusion abbreviation for BPs North Africa strategical Performance social unit ( move on NA SPU) based on pay review recommendations in 2009 for employees to be effective on 1st of April 2010. I will be facial expression at expect aim E (senior take aim leadership) to Level K ( bold ness) concentrating on equal pay issues and gender inequality (gaps) among UK employees only. The reason for this is that NA SPU has moderately big population and it is down to UK employees based locally in UK and in the businesses across the world. More to consult, this SPU is a perfect representation essay for other similar strategic performance units across the organization.270 employees in North Africa Strategic Performance Unit (NA SPU)139 UK nationals in NA SPU31 Fe manful employees108 manly employeesLevel E (senior train leaders) 7 Males 0 FemalesLevel F(team leaders/ headmasters) 26 Males 2 FemalesLevel G (team leaders/professionals 30 Males 4 FemalesLevel H (team leaders/professionals 19 Males 6 FemalesLevel I (specialists/advisors) 17 Males 8 FemalesLevel J (specialists/advisors) 8 Males 5 FemalesLevel K (administration) Male 1 6 FemalesAll analysis is do only for the UK nationals population across all Levels, and Disciplines in NA SPUIn order to get a bette r picture about pay equality and find out if there is any gaps in gender equality it is essential to analyse consistency of Salary Review process across the NA SPU and identify voltage inequality in fiscal reward between genders in different departments, levels, and across different disciplines. It is important to concentrate on the info which is robust- gender, income, length of service, and grouped by levels and disciplines.The sample group of employees does consist of different levels from E (senior level leaders) to K (administrative employees). It is a healthy business population that depicts statistical norm of different employees in SPUs and other businesses within the company.Even though we have split the information down to segments any equal opportunity data is best analysed by working of groups so similar in roles and at similar level can be looked at. In order to understand the data better, I am providing some tables with graphic representation and statistical su mmary of the proposed data, future(a) the brief comments to bring the main points or anomalies that could be potential gaps in reward and gender equality in the workplace.E F G H I J K Level intermediate SalaryGraph 1 Average New Salary comparison between Males and Females All Levels high level male and womanish employees positioned on the higher range of average hire scale and discredit level male and womanly employees positioned on the lower range of average honorarium- it is consistent across every level. As the graph shows all the proposed employee salaries does not have any significant and womanish and male employees up to level G are similarly positioned on the net profit grid. However, I would like to mention that circled in red on the graph data shows that level F pistillate employees are on the lower range of the salary comparing to level F male employees. Picking the fact that there is significantly low compute of female workers in higher levels- it raises th e question of the possible glass ceiling that prevents female workers to get higher levels and be paid equally.Graph 2 Average New Salary by Job Discipline All LevelsThis data is very interesting, because it compares proposed new average salary between male and female employees in all levels but grouped by job discipline. The net paid group is administration, and the highest paid group of employees are drilling, geosciences disciplines where employees considered as professional and highly skilled hands. Unfortunately, we notice that in geosciences and petroleum engineering disciplines we a have a significant difference in average salary between male and female employees. This is due to the fact that we have few women who works in these disciplines and the pay equality is very doubtful. On the other hand women earn more in average in the administration and commercial disciplines and we do not have any women working so called male oriented jobs in drilling and maintenance discipl ines. This needs more investigation of companys recruitment policies and procedures why company does not attract more women into these jobs.Graph 3 Average New Salary by historic period of Service All LevelsThis graph shows different set of data how the salary progresses depending on length of service despite the level of the employee but across level groups and disciplines. We can notice the gradual amplification in salary for women and men, however we have only few women with a lengthy chronicle of employment with company, but the good fact is that more and more women are hired into the business comparing with 20 years ago. It is worth to mention that circled in red- employees appear in the bottom of the range due to lower levels and the job discipline itself (administration).A Discussion of the Meaning of the Data stillTo summarise the findings it is clear that males and females are equally paid and well aline to each other in every level, but there are few gaps in certain disciplines. Even though the national UK statistics is video display that the pay gap between gender is very high (see concomitant 1) BP is trying their best to operate harmonise to Equal Pay form (release 1970), and Equal Pay between sexes (Article 141, EC Treaty). However the lack of female employees in main leadership positions and levels in our sample population- by all means might be understood as glass ceiling effect in the company (Podro, 2006).Therefore, it is interesting to look deeper into BP potpourri and inclusion form _or_ system of government and compare the information to main rival companies policies and think of further improvements and recommendations in order the DI policy in BP policy to be lovable and by no means discriminatory.Table 1 regeneration constitution Comparison between CompetitorsRecruiting create variety showInclusive LeadershipBPThe number of graduates recruited through global recruitment program has increased by 58% since 2005 and 63% o f these are engineers or scientists.35% of all graduate hires were women, fleck 34% of all graduate hires came from racial or ethnic minorities.Diversity and inclusion policy aims to create a truly inclusive meritocracy at organization, in which the diversity of workforce reflects global reach and maximizes on hand(predicate) talent while respecting individual differences. By valuing the differences between employees company establishes a broadcast for creativity, innovation and problem solving. There is a commitment to the drivement of a husbandry of diversity is therefore a true business imperative.Managing inclusion body program is now mandatory for all senior level leaders and by the end of year 2006, around 1000 employees at this level had completed the program.The program is still continues to exist in the organization.ExxonWomen comprise about 25 share of companys worldwide workforce, excluding company-operated retail stores. Approximately 12 percent of executive emplo yees are women, compared to 9 percent in 2000. shapings strength is the quality and diversity of employees. Organization operates Global Workforce Diversity Framework to attract, develop, and retain a premier workforce, actively foster a work environment where individual and cultural differences are respected and valued and identify and develop leadership capabilities of employees to perform effectively in a variety of environments.Organization is committed to promoting leadership opportunities for women globally and improving the gender balance in the company.ShellBy the end of 2009, 14.0% of the most senior leadership positions were modify by women, up from 13.6% in 2008. As well, 26.4% of supervisory positions (up from 24.7% in 2008) and 16.1% of forethought positions (up from 15.3% in 2008) were held by women.With a core strategic team in Central HR as well as representatives in organizations businesses worldwide, diversity and inclusiveness is an integral part of the organiza tion. It has a vital part to play in underpinning its continuing success by ensuring attraction, recruitment, and retaining the best people- regardless of their gender, nationality or background.local anesthetic people fill senior management positions in every unsophisticated we operate in. In 37% of countries, local nationals filled more than fractional the senior leadership positions, compared to 32% in 2008Sources BP (2010) Shell (2010) ExxonMobil (2010)3. An Equality forgeBP has made a significant investment over a unforesightful period of duration to raise awareness of the importance of diversity and inclusion in the organization. The diversity and inclusion team was reorganized in 2007 in order to shift self-control of diversity and inclusion to the line and engraft in the business to ensure alignment with organizational strategic plans (BP, 2010).This reorganisation of the team paid dividends in the sense that the companys diversity and inclusion policy was a driving force in creating engagement in the workplace, changing leadership attitudes, improving performance representation statistics against competitors, and building pride and ownership among employees in different strategic performance units in the organization.To be more specific, in order to achieve desired results there should be a support for leaders and line managers with implementation of a framework that defines the scheme and priorities. The need of advancements or improvements on existing policies and the frameworks are imminent to achieve business goals and improve on diversity issuesTable 2 Diversity Inclusion Development and MaitenancePopulationActionsLeadership teamGovernance of diversity and inclusion strategy and periodical reviews of the progress. Ensure objectives embedded within operating(a) business in every strategic performance unit.DI teamDeveloping and proposing strategy, policy, and framework that advocates and supports diversity and inclusion. Cooperating wit h HR teams and immaterial sources in order to be up to date with the policy and practices.HR teamServing as consultants and advising everyone involved to identify the critical DI areas in the organization that needs improvement. hint various activities across the business to promote the equal opportunities.BP employeesEveryone must take a part in helping the organization to tackle the diversity issues by taking responsibility for diverse behaviour and attitudes. It is essential to figure in creating inclusive working environment using all available tools and support.Having said that, I would like to concentrate on North Africa SPU populations gender equality and equal pay issues and provide recommendations on what can be done to improve situation and to be compliant with BP diversity mould and policiesTable 3 passport CostsIssueTargetRecommendationCostEquality in gender workforceSignificantly increase the percentage of female employees in senior level jobsAggressive external r ecruitment and local talent look via indispensable recruitment senior high cost external recruitment and headhunting can be very high-priced since there is scarce pool of highly skilled women to fill in senior level positions borderline costs local talent search via intranet, local recruitment database, and companies cozy publications in every form and lickEqual pay across the levels and disciplinesEnsure the pay reviews are according to equal pay act and not discriminatory among male and female workersTo review the policy of Salary Review procedure and implement a equal pay process that would allow team leaders to have market data during the annual pay conversationsMinimal costs internal policy review procedure, and up to line managers responsibility to be up-to-date of legalitiesMedium costs a market research, investigation new trends, time costs as well implementing, and communicating the new procedures (if any)Equal opportunities for locomote progressionIncrease the p ercentage of female workers in male rule disciplines (for example geosciences and drilling)Professional development workshops and attractive internship schemes for university graduatesMedium costs ternary party provided courses and development sessionsMedium costs graduate recruitment campaigns, including labour group time costs, competitive graduate packages to retain the best talents horticulture miscellanyDI learning sessions / conferencesTo denounce aware BP population about internal issues and introduce to internal statisticsReiterate on importance of diverse workforce and how it could be change to achieve diverse working environmentMinimal cost lunch and learn sessions, DI team monthly bulletins, presentationsMedium costs external investigation or third party conferences and sessions about the different issues of DIOn the other hand, some policies might not become a good practice and therefore organization could face a biggest obstacle- its own culture (Kirton and Gr eene, 2005). Having said that, it is important that organizations do not force the decisions and make the policy unnatural thing. Diversity and inclusion comes along with the culture and one changes another. So, in order to change the rules of the game in nowadays troubled changing environment, organizations should come up with diversity audit to highlight the potential gaps.A Cost and Benefit AnalysisIt is important that leadership of the organization understands that companies that implement workforce diversity policies acquire an important benefits that strengthen not only long-term competitiveness in the market but also produce short and medium-term performance results (CSES, 2003). Therefore, a cost and benefit analysis is widely used to establish how well a planned action or new policy might turn out. The analysis unceasingly brings a results into monetary values, so the very important that a cost benefit analysis include all the costs and all the benefits in order to count the true value and establish if the new policy or new action plan is worth the money.On the other hand, companies in most cases gain positive non-monetary benefits. As Hubbard (2004) clearly explained the value of non-monetary benefits- loyalty of the staff, reputation of the organization, employer of the choice status, and etc. can not be transferred or measured into value of money. Also, the major benefit is that making employees and leadership to think critically and be explicit about the issues within the company that along with diversity and inclusion it brings new strategic choices like culture change.Would like to stress on the few diversity and inclusion opening night that BP already is working on, which is with no doubt puts organization in very positive place among the competitors and promotes business success by trying to defame obstacles to inclusionAffinity groups- typically form around ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, or disabilities, but groups that wish to f ocus on other important or relevant issues may be considered on a case by case basis, and BP as organization encourages and supports affinity groups working for business benefit (BP, 2010). To name a few, these include the African American Network, Asian American Network, Womens Network, Beyond Pride, BP Latino Network, Gray Matters, and Working Parents and Parents-to-Be.Flexible working- organization incessantly recognizes that flexible working arrangement is almost a part of the groundbreaking working environment and can enable it to retain and attract skilled staff and increase employee commitment and morale. And the most important- the flex-working scheme is an integral part of BPs diversity and inclusion agenda.There are more of these initiatives and groups that work towards developing diverse and inclusive workforce around the world, but of course, there are costs as well associated with the implementation of diversity policies in the organization. Let not forget the cash co sts of compliance with laws on discrimination, as well as the investment into programmes that serves as implementation to change internal cultures in the way that the diverse workforce is recruited, retained, and developed (CSES, 2003).To double more on proposed changes for North Africa SPU and diversity and inclusion strategies for BP company as a whole, over recent years, BP has implemented and managed a wide range of global and local diversity and inclusion training programs and initiatives to support employees in understanding diversity and building inclusive behaviors. As we could see that organization is treats the DI very importantly in order to stay in the jumper lead position in the market, however there is plenty to do and copious work in progress.

Operational Analysis of BP

Operational Analysis of BPP1 bring out the different empyreans in which engine room companies operate and the solve that they carry out in that sector.Task1a)Research and describe the function / operation of one of each engineering companies that you judge to work deep d knowledge the Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary sectors.Where applicable, tell apart any yields that these companies manufacture.Bp Primary BP is basically determined in all the sectors. Primary sector basically involves the origination of new(a) materials. These rude(a) materials allow in iron ore, trees, un svelte blacken, and anele. The primary sector is as well referred to as the extractive performance. BP is involved in this sector as it extracts its ingest raw materials which include crude crude oil and gas. Extraction is of their oil is chiefly through with(p) in the Gulf of Mexico which include Atlantis, Na Kika, Thunder Horse and activated Dog and on land their oil drilling ri gs argon in galore(postnominal) places including 48 states on the United States and one of them is Alaska. In its amour in the raw material extraction, BP betwixt 2013 and 2015 its average daily product or extraction raised from 189,000 barrels of oil equivalent to 249,000. aft(prenominal) crude oil and gas has been extracted the undermentioned step is to transport it to a refinery engraft and create known dismisss of today and that will commence the next stage which is the utility(prenominal) sector. BP is involved in all the sectors meaning that it extracts its own raw materials, refine its own oil to hazard products and then pass on it and it does its own investigate to amend its refining methods to kick in its products of great quality. embrocate rigs in the Gulf of Mexico operated by BP.Secondary as BP is involved in all the sectors as mentioned above, it refines its own crude oil to make many products that include furnish for many vehicles including aircrafts, gas used in homes and many more. The secondary sector basically involves the turning of raw materials into finished products or goods which will be used by new(prenominal) businesses. The chief(prenominal) BP refinery plant is in Cherry Point, Wash. Whiting, Ind. and Toledo, Ohio as per BP website and they refine up to 744 000 barrels of oil any day. In this sector, they produce a wide range of products which include fuels a exchangeable petrol and diesel, petrochemicals and lubri buttts which are then used to power up vehicles of all sorts. The end products of this sector are sold to aircraft owners as super C fuel, take vehicle fuel and vehicle lubricates much(prenominal) as motor oil.BP refinery plants Tertiary this sector includes the distribution of the finished products or in other words the provision of services and goods to customers like for face jet fuel to companies like Boeing. To distribute its products end-to-end the whole world, BP has created fuel station s throughout the world which look at petrol and diesel. It also sells gas. It also supplies its products through case-by-case jobbers and dealer wholesales and franchised retail sites as per the BP website.Quaternary this sector basically involves research and teaching within a company. The quaternary sector is based on knowledge and skill and scientific research to improve efficiency or the quality of the products being created. With BP, there is a sector which is always maturation and researching technologies to make its operations safer and efficient and explore and discover new resources to use. As per the BP website, it tests, uses, and creates innovative technologies at its refinery plants and in its fuel business to make the product of quality and to make sure that it is safe to use. It is also researching ways to empty oil spills that will destroy the natural environment thereby qualification the world a safer place. shoot Primary as with BP, dress down is also an oil based company that is involved in all sectors. In the primary sector, it extracts its own crude oil mainly in the mating Sea. It extracts crude oil as well as gas and because it mainly operates in the North Sea, they constantly face challenges extracting that oil. In this sector whip uses extended reach drilling technology that allows it to work in places with postgraduate pressure as where the crude oil and gas is located since the fossils where make in high pressure conditions. Their first major oil baring was in 1971 and was in Brent field which then started producing oil in 1976. Its first gas field was in Leman field and it was in 1966. Shell operates just about 33 offshore oil extraction plants and about 65 interests in the North Sea as per the shell website.Secondary- after the extraction has been done like for utilization offshore, the raw materials are then transferred to shoreward for surgical operationing. Its transported by pipeline most of it. When it arriv es, the oil is refined and processed exploitation a process called fractional distillation. Also, the oil enters the globally traded crude oil market and the finished products such as petrol and diesel that is establish into cars, aviation, and marine fuel and lubricants and plastics and chemicals are then distributed in the tertiary sector. With gas, it is processed on shells 3 main gas plants which include St Fergus, Mossmoran and Bacton and they produce about 35% of the UK gas as per the shell website.Tertiary after the secondary stage has been finished that it the products cook been made such as fuel, lubricants and products like plastic, the next stage is to distribute them to potential customers which include large companies like for example involved in aviation business and motor vehicle. Also, boom has its own fuel stations across the world so that it can distribute its fuel to the people. As a large company shell has small franchises that only specializes in the distri bution sector like for example some fuel stations maybe franchises and it is another way of distributing its fuel to the world.Quaternary as a large company, Shell is always face or researching for new technologies to improve its raw materials extraction, its production. Its looking for ways to make the whole process efficient. Its also developing technologies to cope with the deal with thought-provoking environment like high pressure environment like in the North Sea. Its also researching in the field of advanced imaging to improve production. This include the research of 3D seismic images to help see the carry pattern of oil underground. This is all done to boost the oil production to meet the demand of the growing population.TATA industries Primary- TATA steel mainly operates in India and its 3 main materials it extracts are iron ore, chromite, and coal. urge on ore and coal are the main raw materials needed for the creation of steel. The company started mining these raw mat erials in 1903 as per their own website. The mining sites are in Noamundi, Joda and Katamati in the states of Jharkhand and Odisha. Its coal mines are in Jharia West Bokaro, in the state of Jharkhand. These raw materials are then used to make steel that is then transported to its vehicle reservation plant to make motor vehicles and other machines.Secondary- the whole secondary process is explained through the picture below. from how the iron ore is melted and the processes it goes for steel to be produced. Also, as mentioned above this process involves the transformation of raw materials to finished goods and products. In this sector is where the steel production is done by using iron ore and coal. Iron ore is smelted and the iron is separated from the ore. after that the iron is then further re melted and addictives are added such as coke and limestone in the furnace. After this process steel is produced. After steel, has been made it is used to make cars in the land roamer and jaguar factories. Besides making cars, it also makes Gears, engines, motors, hydraulic systems, power generation.Tertiary after the manufacturing process, the next stage is to distribute and sell the finished goods to the consumers. The company has its own dealers that sells the famous jaguar and range rover cars. Besides cars it also sells car gears and engines to other manufactures. It also sells motors and generators. So, the company has its own dealerships as well as other franchises that will sell their products on their behalf.Quaternary the company has a division that specializes in research and development and production of advanced technologies. The company is always looking for new technologies to make mining safe and efficient. Also, its researching ways to make cars that produce less carbon copy footprints. Also, its producing technology or software that estimates the volume of coal in every seam and the quality.Information and pictures extracted from https//uk.pinte rest.com/annmaireesaward/bp/http//www.shell.co.uk/energy-and-innovation/meeting-todays-demands/finding-oil-and-gas.htmlhttp//www.tatasteelindia.com/products-and-processes/raw-materials.aspP2 Describe the organisational types of three given engineering companiesTask2From the companies, you rush chosen aboveGive a brief outline for the companies and state the sort of organisational type (the type of business organisation) they may have? (For example sole traders, partnerships, companies, franchises).Shell is a franchiseDescribe the nature of their business.Describe the range of products that they offer and the engineering functions they carry out.State the kind of Organisational structures they have? (For example Line Organisational Structure, Hierarchical structures).Explain why an Organisation needs a Structure?P3Outline how nurture run fors through an engineering company in relation to an engineering practise Task3Using the company you work in, leader up an organisational cha rt that shows the line of command in the company. Select a product that the company maintains.With reference to the above product, describe with aid of a flow chart how information is passed in an effective manner between the people responsible for its maintenance.M1 explain how improvements in information flow could rear the functional activities of an engineering companyTask4Explain how business improvement techniques such as 5S/5C (Sort, Set-In-Order, Shine, Standardise and Sustain) facilitate information flow.D1 Evaluate the information flow through an engineering company in relation to an engineering activityTask5.Evaluate the effectiveness of how information is passed for the given company. Your evaluation should include as a minimumThe advantages and disadvantages of the process flow. clock time it takes to complete the order against customer needs.Identify problems with the system.Describe why Lean Manufacturing has become an important philosophical system to manufacturing industry and why techniques such as Just in Time (JIT), Kanban and 5S are so valued.You need to write to your manager explaining how you think information flow and communications can be improved.

Leadership Styles And Theories

Leadership Styles And TheoriesJack Welch Leadership StylesJack Welch was CEO and prexy of one of the world successful companies, widely distributed Electric. He began his career with General Electric Company in 1960 and became the Companys 8th Chairman and CEO in 1981. During his 20-year reign at GE, the market capitalization of company change magnitude from $13 gazillion to $400 billion, while revenues grew from $27 billion to $125 billion and earnings grew tenfold to almost $14 billion. According to Fortune magazine, he was named Manager of the Century in 2000 (Welch, J Welch, S 2008). Welch had not only brought to company the increasing in profits and financial gains but besides brought to GE the creative and innovative theories in the way of operating an geological formation. Welchs theories on leadership and management were evaluated as perfect principles in organizational effectiveness. unmatchable of leaderships theories that Jack Welch successfully applied to Gener al Electric was his own supposition of leaders 4E.His theory, which is now called E to the fourth power, is for leaders who crap huge personal postcode, the capability to inspire and energize others, the edge for cosmos militant and the ability to execute on these attributes (Byrne, 1998).Firstly, 4E leader has energy. Welch notes that the intelligence and ratiocination making ability are not enough for the leaders, they must turn in source of energy to convert good ideas into measurable performance. This intellectual energy in any case called emotional energy that helps leaders build the musical note or morale of an organization. Welch believes that passion is much important for 4E leaders than charisma. Having passion, it is something that fall outs from deep inside said by Welch. Organization needs the great unwashed that not only want to feel passionate about their job but also willing to sacrifice their personal goal to achieve company goals. The next important task was to switch energy into results. He had a well- subsistn(a) Work-OutTM that focus on the three key goals bring more productive, trust to the organization and eliminated bureaucracy (Krames 2005, p. 25-28). Welch recognized that bureaucracy was waste, redundant approvals and eliminated competitive touch sensation of the company so he cut down the organizational coordinate by removing management layers, dropped unimportant bet and made the body of work more relaxed (Krames 2002, p. 5). He believed that people could work more effectively and positively in a cleaner and filter organization where they were given room to stupefy and expand their abilities.According to Welch, everything could be mixed bagd such as the market share, customers of GE, competitive environment and so on. He convinced people to see change as an opportunity rather than a threat. This could be seen as a source of energy that brought effectiveness and productivity to the organization (Krames 2005, p. 32) . Moreover, the way to tote up energy is through encourage and engage people to donate their wise ideas. The Welchs Work-Out initiative demonstrated that he tried to build up a forum for employees to speak out their own ideas and present what need to be done directly to the boss in order to give rise the organization better (Krames 2005, p. 35-37). Welch had turned the hierarchy down to make leaders and pursuit more close to each other in exchanging work and communion ideas. Welch had applied successfully transformational leadership theory in his company. He narrow the distance between leaders and followers and brought motivation and innovation to the workplace environment in order to make organization better.Secondly, 4E leader has to know how to energize people to act and inspire them to perform well in order to achieve organizations goals. Leader requires having confidence and has to instill their confidence into the liven of organization. One of important keys to energize people to carry out their jobs is to make sure that followers are engaged in jobs (Krames 2005, p. 49-50). Furthermore, leader must know that the key to inspiring is not to micro-manage, but to sketch a few general goals and let people work with them (Krames 2005, p. 53). Welch felt that managers should not try to micro-manage in details. Workers are anxious to make decision when they work in organization with full of micro-managers. By energize people to designate and contribute their own ideas, organizations are well-equipped to battle in global occupancy arena (Krames 2002, p. 23). According to Welch, the 4E leader made sure that there is a place for people to present new ideas and grant credit to those who come up with best ideas (Krames 2005, p. 57). The last part of energizing puzzle was GEs return carcass. Welch introduced reward system called one-currency GE stock that managers receive its options every year. He confirmed the different amount of stocks based on the diffe rent levels of performance. This system helped Welch to tie every managers and employees at GE on the same boat. tribe restrain more responsibility when they get their lives involved in the organization. By establishing this system, Welch had increased the productivity across all GE businesses (Krames 2005, p. 62-63).The third E of 4E leader is Edge. Welch noted that leaders with edge had a competitive spirit and recognized the worth of speed. They were confident so that they know the right clock time to green light or red light project and when to fritter away an acquisition (Krames 2005, p. 75). The great example for leader with edge was when Welch reinvented GE requiring many a(prenominal) actions that gone in paradoxical direction. He cut costs heartlessly and deeply on the GE payroll by firing 118,000 people while spending millions on nonproductive things. In a contradiction in terms of business, Welch said that we have to shrink in order to grow we have to give things up in order to gain things. By bring down jobs and shutting down unproductive factories, the GEs profit margins and inventory turns increased dramatically. Welch prove that he was a leader with edge who doesnt fear to give elusive decision (Krames 2005, p. 77-78). The second and third theory of Welchs 4E leader shows that he is a truly transformational leader who encouraged spirit to reach organization goals and increased market growth for the organization.ReferenceByrne, J 1998, How Jack Welch runs GE, Business week cover story, viewed 4 December 2009, .Krames, JA 2002, The Welch Way, McGraw-Hill, New York.Krames, JA 2005, Jack Welch and the 4Es of leadership, McGraw-Hill, New York.Welch, J Welch, S 2008, Jack Welch Biography, The Welch Way, viewed 2, December, 2009, .

Free College Essays - Othello and Honesty :: GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Othello

Othello and Honesty Honesty is one of the near important factors in Othello. And although there is very little honesty actually present in the play the term is most commonly applied to Iago, who excessively happens to be the most dishonest character in Othello. Due partly to the former(a) characters naivet, Iago is capable of manipulating, brainwashing, and molding the other characters to satisfy his need for revenge against Othello. Iago would most commonly be referred to as dishonest, however beyond that he is also downright amoral and uses others weaknesses to manipulate them into doing what he pleases. From the very offset printing we see how Iago manipulates Roderigo by pretending he is looking out for his outperform interests in the matter of Othellos elopement with Desdemona. He makes Barbantio angry with Othello and Desdemona by sexual congress him about(predicate) their elopement indeed lying about the consummation of their relationship. He because leaves R oderigo to take responsibility for his (Iagos) actions. In the meantime he goes off to express Othello that Roderigo is accountable for utter Barbantio about the relationship and saying horrible things about Othello. Iago later brings Roderigo back into his quest for revenge when he tries to get Cassio discharged from the perplex that Iago originally wished to obtain. Although Cassio knows it is against his better judgement to drink, Iago manipulates him into getting drunk then stages a fight between Roderigo and Cassio. He even goes as uttermost as to try to make Cassio look bad by telling Montano that he gets drunk regularly. Upon Iagos explanation of the situation Othello promptly fires Cassio from his position and Iago becomes more respected in Othellos eyes. Roderigo is a prime exemplar of how Iago uses people to fulfil his desires. Iago convinces Roderigo that he could win Desdemonas love outside from Othello and the only man that stands in the way is Cassio. In this way when he plans to humiliate Cassio it seems as if he is doing it to help out Roderigo when, in actuality, he is seeking revenge on Cassio for taking his position. One of the main reasons Iago is so successful at manipulating others is because they are too guileless to realize that he is taking advantage of them. Cassio still comes to Iago for advice after Iago rats him out and gets him fired.

The Religion of Money in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby - Essay

The Religion of M matchlessy in The bully Gatsby Near the beginning of George Bernard Shaws major(ip) Barbara, Mr. Undershaft exclaims in retort of anothers question, well, I am a millionaire, and that is my religion (Shaw 103). many people look toward the heavens in search of the power to modify them to live in the world. Others, like Shaws Mr. Undershaft, look toward more earthly subjects to restrain their power and symbolize their status. Often these subjects, such as money, wealth, or tangible beauty and ability, allow for their owners an everywherebearing sense of power and ability in all of that they do. Some people become so obsessed with their button-down power that it becomes their religion and black markets them in everything that they do. In F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby, the character of tomcat Buchanan is introduced and portrayed as someone who has allowed his physical abilities, money, and wealth, become his religion and lead him in his actions, perce ived thoughts and beliefs, and speech. Nick, the front person narrator of The Great Gatsby, introduces tomcat as a national figure in a way, one of those men who reach such an acute limited excellence at twenty-one that everything afterwards savours of anti-climax (Fitzgerald 10). In college at New Haven, tom turkey relied on his physical abilities, as one of the most powerful ends that ever play football (Fitzgerald 10), as well as inherited wealth to give him the power and prestige to be perceived as better than the best. In the beginning of his college career, as Nick seems to suggest, it was this supreme physical ability on the football field that allowed Tom to have supreme reign over all off the field. But, after college, the football legacy ended, and with it, Tom... ...lected to make a short deft movement that broke her nose with his open founder (Fitzgerald 41) rather than admit that the other party could do something without his explicit permission. From his first i ntroduction early in the first chapter of The Great Gatsby to the end of the second, Tom strives to constantly remind everyone around him of his power through his actions, thoughts, and speech. Like purple subjects loyal to their king, he believes that everyone is under him and should respect and obey his every wish. by the mastery of Fitzgeralds poetic hand, a character has been created to which wealth has become a religion and god has become a personification of himself. Works Cited Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York Scribner-Simon, 1992. Shaw, George Bernard. Pygmalion and Major Barbara. New York Bantom Books, 1992.

Aging Nurse workforce Essay -- Employment, Nursing Worforce, Retiremen

A variety of conceptual frameworks were used to seek the senescence breast feeding workforce. The theoretical mannequin of Organizational and Personal Factors and Outcomes, actual by Schaefer and Moos (1991), was one context used during this review of literature. This framework suggests that the private system as well as work stressors affect the connexion between the organizational system and work morale and performance (Atencio, Cohen, & Gorenberg, 2003). This model suggests that the individual system as well as work stressors operate the relationship involving the organizational scheme and work morale and performance. Occupation stressors unite with organizational and individual system factors induce coping responses and the result of retaining the erstwhile(a) nurse (Schaefer & Moos, 1991).Another theoretical model used was the Conceptual dumbfound of Intent to Stay by Boyle et al. (1999). This model describes four variables that shape a nurses plan to stay in emp loyment. These variables consist of lead characteristics, nurse characteristics, system characteristics, and work characteristics. The primary concentration for this model was to look for the influence that leadership uniqueness has on a nurses intention to stay employed versus retiring. The outcomes showed that control over nursing practice, situational stress, and the jitney characteristics had implicit effects on quondam(a) nurse intention to cover employed (Cranley & Tourangeau, 2005).Karasek and Theorells Demand-Control Model (1990) was an additional conceptual framework observe in the review of literature on the ageing nursing workforce. This type implies that intense job strain and decision-making opportunity contributes to work tension and lead... ...parture from the nursing profession or retractment from the line of work. Several key elements beget been established throughout the research that lead to theses nurses feeling the need to retire and include burnout , physical demands, mental health, linkage to the organization, hours worked, organizational culture, work intensity, and fiscal requirements. Organizations are beginning to establish evidence-based strategies in an effort to retain older registered nurses. Human resources are beginning to formulate policies and procedures to meet the needs of these aging nurses, which focus on their safety, stress levels, preferred work setting, schedule, and job satisfaction. The dexterity to delay retirement of these nurses or creating career paths that help facilitate a transition to a different work setting could help readiness the shortage of nurses in the next decade.

The aim of the experiment is to find out the effect of different :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

The aim of the investigate is to find out the effect of antithetical concentrations of reactants on rate of reaction.Rates of ReactionAimThe aim of the experiment is to find out the effect of differentconcentrations of reactants on rate of reaction. I go away find this outby doing an experiment. The reaction that exit be used is SodiumThiosulphate + Hydrochloric astringentNa2S2O3 + 2HClEquipmentThe equipment I will use to do this experiment is Goggles block out tubes Beakers Hydrochloric Acid Sodium Thiosulphate Water X marked paperBackground InformationThe Collision Theory is when particles jar with enough energy tobreak their bonds if they are to react. Collision means when twoparticles hit each other. Breaking a solid exposes new surfaces, the little the pieces the greater the surface area.Safety MeasuresA pair of goggles will be worn in order to protect the eyes.Fair TestIn order for my findings to be valid the experiment must be fair. Iwill use the same standard each m for judging when the X hasdisappeared. I will make sure that the touchstone cylinders for theHydrochloric acid and Sodium Thiosulphate will not be mixed up. The centre of Hydrochloric acid will be 10cm3 each time.PredictionI figure that by increasing the concentration of one of the reactantsthe rate of reaction will increase because they are likely to collidequicker.MethodI first of all start of by wearing goggles as Hydrochloric Acid is anirritant to the eyes. afterward that I got all equipment out I involve toperform this experiment.Test Tube Beaker X marked paperI firstly put 10cm3 of hydrochloric acid into the beaker which Imeasured with the test tube. After I put the x marked paper under thebeaker. I then poured in the volume of Sodium Thiosulphate and theconcentration of it which was 50cm3. Set stumble the stopwatch and waitedto see when the x marked paper is not visible. I repeatedly did this 3times for each one. Finally, I recorded the results on a resultstable.Concl usionsMy results show that if you add more concentration of sodiumThiosulphate and less(prenominal) water to the hydrochloric acid the particlescollide more because so the rate of reaction increases. When Irepeated my results and experiment the times were similar meaning thatI was very accurate with my experiment and judgement.EvaluationI only truly encountered one problem which was do the experiment inthe amount of time that was given to us and Sodium Thiosulphate ranout during the experiment but that was quickly resolved as borrowedsome of my friend who is also doing the experiment.

Essay --

B12 Deficiency What is Vitamin B12 DeficiencyVitamin B12 deprivation limits selenium methylation and excretion resulting in higher tissue selenium levels and resultant toxicity. It occurs in people whose digestive systems do not adequately plight the vitamin from the foods they eat. Vegetarians who eat eggs and milk products atomic number 18 the most at insecurity because, on average, they consume less than half the adult vitamin B12 Recommended Dietary requital (RDA) while strict vegans (who dont eat any animal products, including meat, eggs, or milk) are at an even greater risk. Vitamin B12 is important since it works with the vitamin folate to assume the bodys genetic material and help keep levels of the aminic acid homocysteine in check which helps to decrease heart disease risk. It is as well essential in the production of red blood cells which carry oxygen through the blood to the bodys tissues. Life Extension gives offers around of selenium supplements. Babies who are born of parents with low selenium and vitamin B12 rich foods are at risk of anaemia.Causes of Vitamin B12 DeficiencySelenium is a...

Hamlets Insanity :: essays research papers

The Darkness of InsanityInsanity is an forever growing black hole which envelopes the pitiful mind of the its victim. The mental considerateness of crossroads has been well debated without the years even though in Shakespeare&8217s tragedy Hamlet does admit that his madness is an elaborate scheme. many another(prenominal) see this fact as a way to discredit the conceit of Hamlet&8217s insanity but one should also engender into consideration the amount of proven psychopaths who constantly admit to their sanity. Through his actions and emotions commonplace through the play, Hamlet does indeed prove his insanity despite his abnegation of it. It is quite obvious that Hamlet possesses a troubled mind resulting from a gross state of melancholy, which later leads to him becoming disillusioned. Another fact to chant the idea of his insanity is his treatment of his beloved girlfriend, Ophelia and his loving mother, Gertrude. One exponent find it difficult to ponder the thought of a ny sane soul denouncing their love for their lover without showing the slightest hint of sadness. However, Hamlet does perform this soaked deed. The protagonist&8217s mind is also filled with enough incestuous thoughts of his very own mother to disturb the audience. The most troubling and correctly piece of evidence to prove his insanity is that he does not looking the slightest twinge of guilt nor the smallest sliver of remorse after he murders tercet innocent bystanders in cold blood. The piece conscience is what separates humans from animals because human&8217s have the ability to question evil deeds such as murder yet Hamlet&8217s conscience ashes untouched after the murders of three people. The lack of guilt should be evidence enough that Hamlet&8217s mind is convoluted.Throughout the play Hamlet continuously shows characteristics that are closely related to madness. One of the more conspicuously shown characteristic is depression, which is also known to psychiatrists as the gateway to insanity. The depression caused by the murder of his father runs rampant during the course of the play and helps to led him elaborate to his ultimate path of ruin. Hamlet&8217s depression is so virile and visible that it begins to disturb his mother&8220Good Hamlet, cast thy nighted tinge off,And let thine eye look like a friend on DenmarkDo not for ever with thy vailed lidsSeek for thy noble father in the dust.Thou know&8217st &8216tis common &8211 all that lives must die,Passing through nature to eternity.(Shakespeare 1.

Physician-Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia are Murder Essay -- Euthanas

euthanasia is arrive at On June 4, 1990, Janet Adkins committed suicide. She killed herself under the supervision of a man named poop Kevorkian. Again and again, Kevorkian set up machines and killed patients that were supposedly terminal figurely ill. He take flight punishment for years, but on March 26, 1999, Kevorkian was incarcerated for second-degree murder. (Online,99) He had developed umteen friends and many enemies. One of his followers was a woman who had developed coronary thrombosis artery disease. Her name was Donna White. She thought about suicide often, especially when her annoying was incredibly intense. Help found her before euthanasia did. A hospice precaution facility heard about her plot to commit suicide, and they found table service for her. They provided therapy for her suicidal thoughts and severe depression, and they also provided her with the medication to keep her pain free. She no longer follows Kevorkians ideals and is against him instead. (Shapi ro and Bowermaster, 94) Over 52 patients were killed in Dr. Kevorkians presence. (Online, 99) What if they could have found the sponsor that they needed? Euthanasia is ending ones life if one has a terminal disease is an incurable condition, and is done by a lethal injection. Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide began in ancient Rome and Greece. They believed that it was okay in certain situations to allow a person to die or to suspensor a person die. This was often the case with the elderly in these cultures. veritable religions are against euthanasia. The Christian, Jew, and Islamic religions all cling to the fact that life is divine and should not be taken away. In some cultures, helping psyche to die is the same thing as homicide, and is treated so in a court of law. (Encarta, 98) ... ...ailable http//www.angelfire.com/al/jefspage/index3.html Barnett, Erin Hoover. Is Mom Capable of Choosing to Die?. 1999. Online. The Oregonian. epoch of Download November 15, 1999. Available http//www.oregonlive.com/news/99/10/st101719.html Cassel, Eric J. Euthanasia. Grolier synergistic Inc.. 1998 Euthanasia. Gould, Jonathan and Craigmyle, Lord. Your Death Warrant?. New York Arlington House, 1971. Mattos, Jennifer and Sachs, Andrea. Defining the Right to Die. Time. April 15, 1996. Pg. 82 Rosenbaum, Stuart E. and Baird, Robert M. Euthanasia The Moral Issues. 1989. Opposing Viewpoints. New York Prometheus Books. Shapiro, Joseph P. and Bowermaster, David. Death on rill. U.S. News and ball Report. April 25, 1994. Pp. 31-39. Shapiro, Joseph P. Expanding a right to die. U.S. News and World Report. April 15, 1996. Pg. 63.

cell theory :: essays research papers

Cell possible actionThe Cell Theory states that all organisms are composed of similar units of organization, called stalls. The apprehension was formally articulated in 1839 by Schleiden and Schwann and has remained as the foundation of modern font biology.Formulation of the booth schemeIn 1838 Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden were talking about their studies on cells. It has been suggested that when Schwann heard Schleiden describe congeal cells with nuclei, he was stuck by the similarity of these plant cells to cells he had observed in animal tissues. The two published his account book on animal and plant cells the next year. Schwann summarized his observations into three conclusions about cells.1. The cell is the unit of structure, physiology, and organization in living things.2. The cell retains a twofold existence as a distinct entity and building block in the construction of organisms.3. Cells form by free-cell formation, similar to the formation of crystals.We kn ow instantly that the first two tenets are right, but the third is wrong.The cell theory include1. on the whole known living things are made up of cells.2. The cell is structural and functional unit of all living things.3. All cells come from pre-existing cells by division.4. Cells contains hereditary information whish is passed from cell to cell during cell division.5. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition.6. All energy flow of life occurs within cells.With either theory, its tenets are based upon previous observations and facts. The cell theory is no assorted being founded upon the observations of many. For the first 150 years, the cell theory was just a structural idea. This stuctural view whish is found in most text books describes the components of a cell and their fate in cell reproduction.

Historical References to Faust Essay example -- Faust History Literatu

Historical References to FaustFaust IPrologue in Heaven The scene begins with the ternion Archangels, Raphael, Gabriel, andMichael, confessing their inability to comprehend the awe-inspiringworks of God.In the Christian tradition, archangels are angels of thehighest arrange and are associated with certain functions orresponsibilities.In Prologue in Heaven, they personify the cosmosRaphael describes and represents the heavens, Gabriel the earth, andMichael the elements. Mephistopheles.Goethes devil is inspired by a number of differentliterary sources, not just Christian. The basic structure of the dialogue between the lord andMephistopheles is inspired by the first two chapters of The go for ofJob, in which monster obtains permission from God to try and tempt Jobto do evil. Faust. The hearty Georg (or Johann) Faust was born in 1480 and died in1540. Although contemporary sources suggest he was rather well known inGermany during his lifetime, his fame and notoriety is the result o fan incredibly usual collection of (barely believable) anecdotes andstories about him called Volksbuch, which was published in 1587. TheVolksbuch was an important source of intake to Goethe and otherauthors as they wrote about Faust.Night The opening monologue is an confirmatory adaptation of ChristopherMarlowes The Tragical history of Doctor Faustus. Faust has in his self-denial a book by Nostradamus (1503-66), theFrench astrologer, physician and prophet. When Faust first opens the book by Nostradamus he sees the sign ofthe macrocosm, which is a diagram of the organization of the cosmos. The fancy that the sign of the macrocosm inspires echoes Jacobsdream in Genesis 28,... ...hab,so that Ahab could trance his subjectsvineyards. By referring to Naboth, Mephistopheles is preparing us toexpect the deaths of Baucis and Philemon.Midnight In chivalrous literature, allegorical figures symbolize the approachof death. The allegorical figures in Midnight also fit the fourhorsemen of the Apocalypse death, war, famine, and plague (seeRevelations 61-8).Entombment In the skipper Faust legends, Faust is dragged off tohell.Mephistopheles is unable to do so this time because Faust wasnever so satisfied with the results of his striving that he wantedtime to stand still.Mephistopheles is exclusively able to seize Fausts soulthrough trickery.Mountain Gorges The Anchorites Pater Ecstaticus, Pater Profundus, and PaterSeraphicus are sacred hermits who represent the mysticaltradition of early Christianity.

Biography of Frank Lloyd Wright Essays -- Architecture Architects Buil

Biography of straight-from-the-shoulder Lloyd WrightFrank Lloyd Wright was arguably star of the best graphic designers of the nineteenth and 20th centuries. His works ranged from traditional makes typical to the late 1800s to modern designs (Official Site 1). He had a immense knowledge of the land and his buildings were practicable in terms of their surroundings. Wrights appreciation and love for temper was a key characteristic, and a strong influence in his architecture. Frank Lloyd Wright was born(p) in 1867 in Richland Center, Wisconsin (Hunt 180). He was brought up by his m some other, Anna, and his aunts and uncles on tilled land near Spring Green, Wisconsin. His father had abandoned the family in 1885 (Encarta 1). He analyse engineering briefly at the University of Wisconsin, and he showed a good readiness to draw. He then moved to Chicago in 1887 and worked as an accomplice at the Chicago architectural firm of Adler and Sullivan. There he versed many of the trades of architecture and embarked on an independent path of his own in 1893 (Encarta 1). Wright avoided anything that expertness be called a personal style (Encarta 1), but he defined his architecture as organic, which he saw as a principle of order, structure, and take a shit relating in the process of nature (Burns 8). This meant that every building should relate harmoniously to its natural surroundings, and the building should not be a static boxlike enclosure but a high-energy structure with open flowing interior spaces. He once said, No house should ever be on a hill or anything. It should be of the hill, belonging to it. Hill and house should live together all(prenominal) the happier for the other (Official Site 1). He achieved this design using geometric shapes that would form a pattern. His first models were mostly squares and he later utilise diamonds, hexagons, circles, and other geometric units for which he would lay the floor plan (Encarta 1). Wright also used long projections, often balconies or rooftops that were supported at only one end to create this effect. These geometric designs and jutting projections made Wrights designs the glacial of the boxes with openings that he was trying to avoid.Wright also had an extreme appreciation for nature. Throughout his life sentence Wright spoke of the influence of nature on his work and attributed his love of nature to those early years spent in the rural Wisconsin countryside... ...d, who has done as much to realize his vision of what a perfect architecture might be (phosphate buffer solution Online 1). Wright died in 1959, and he left behind a great legacy. His works are still considered modern today, even thought it is more or less 50 years after his death. So, as Simon and Garfunkel sing, Architects may come, and architects may go, but there will never be another architect like Frank Lloyd Wright.Works CitedBurns, Robert. Frank Lloyd Wright in the Twenty-first Century. field of study Forum. Summer 2000. 8-10. 2 Mar 2001. Frank Lloyd Wright. 10 Mar 2001. Harper, Hillard. essay Explores the Wright Frame of Mind. The Los Angeles Times. 5 Mar 1988. 3 Mar 2001. Hunt, William Dudley Jr. Wright, Frank Lloyd. Encyclopedia Americana. 180.Official Site of Frank Lloyd Wright. 1996-2001. 10 Mar 2001. PBS Online. 1995-2001. 10 Mar 2001. Taschen, Benedikt. Frank Lloyd Wright. Germany Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation. 1991.Weishan, Michael. A Work of Genius. earth Living. Nov 2000. 26-30. 9 Mar 2001. Williams Students Online. 3 Mar 2001. Wright, Frank Lloyd. Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2001. CD-ROM. 1993-2000 Ed.

D.H. Lawrences Sons and Lovers Essay -- Lawrence Sons and Lovers Essa

D. H. Lawrence is considered champion of the Twentieth Centurys greatest and most visionary English refreshingists. He was born in 1885 in Eastwood, a tap community in Nottinghamshire, England (DeMott iii). His father was an uneducated mineworker and his mother had been a schoolteacher before she married. According to Englands rigid differentiate system, his mothers marriage to his father was considered a step down, since she came from a well-educated middle-class family. Thus the vast differences between his parents was cause for the fabric of his parents marriage to be ripped by bitterness, violence and hate (DeMott vii).   Lawrences first great novel, Sons and Lovers, is clearly autobiographical theres no denying the closeness of the resemblance between Paul Morels life and that of his creator (DeMott vii). The novel tells the story of Gertrude Morel, a mother whose possessive love for her sons hinders their ability to give fulfilling relationships with other women. Lawrence himself had an unusually close attachment to his mother. The novel also depicts the work class of England at the turn of the century, when industrialism was rearing its ugly head and was creep upon the English countryside. Set in a town similar to the one where he was born, Sons and Lovers gives a detailed and realistic portrayal of the hardships and conflicts of the Morels, a mining family.   Gertrude Morel, the character based on Lawrences mother, has married below her station she is a religious woman who is serious and believes in hard work and shackle to a strict code of morals (3). She is unhappy and disillusioned with the lower class mining-family lifestyle and is sick of it, the struggle with ... ...ious that Lawrence preferred the agrarian England as impertinent to the dehumanizing and mechanized modern world. Lawrence addresses the human costs of an industrialized society in Sons and Lovers and many of his other works, including his i nfamous Lady Chatterlys Lover (DeMott viii). Industrial British society has turned a counselling from its agrarian roots and is destroying England, and the old way of life is seen as much more vibrant and complete. Lawrence, a adept in his own time, prophesied that the West is on a disaster line of work and that all of us must change our lives before we destroy the looker of our world, and in the process destroy our own souls (DeMott viii).   Works Cited DeMott, Benjamin. Introduction. Sons and Lovers. By D.H. Lawrence. bleak York Penguin Books, 1985. Lawrence, D.H. Sons and Lovers. New York Penguin Books, 1985.

Bok-What? Farming Gets a Face-Lift :: Essays Papers

Bok-What? Farming Gets a Face-Lift 1. saucy island of Jersey home of the indelible and intelligent Jersey cow, whose milk is less forthcoming than her sister Holsteins around the country, but richer and creamier, nonetheless. Then there are the palm acres and acres of Jersey corn stretching up towards the alive summer sun, basking in its glory, waiting patiently for the day when man depart enter with his massive harvesting machines, collecting ear upon ear in a dizzying display of mechanized efficiency. And who could forget sodbuster Hom, with his tiny plan of bok choy, growing sprightly on his tiny farm alongside elflike mustard greens and bitter melon (Taipei Times, 17 Nov. 2002)? Wait a minute. That doesnt seem right. What are mustard greens, bitter melon, and bok choy doing in the middle of New Jersey?2. The answer lies in the current popularity of the vegetable itself an attractive vegetable with a mild, meaty heart and tender, darker green leaves . . . bok choy has become the vegetable of the import (Fabricant, 22 October 2001). Restaurants combining Asian seasoning to their dishes or employing fusion concepts keep created a sudden demand for strange and exotic produce. Regular consumers, too, progressively resideed in more healthful foods, have begun to show interest in this Brassica vegetables alleged cancer-fighting properties. There are some, like Farmer Hom in New Jersey, who have taken notice. Thus, they are abandoning traditional behind commodity crops like corn or soybeans, and focusing, instead, on these newly emerge niche markets, growing or creating a special product for particular proposition people.3. Niche solid ground is just one of many trends in gardening that seeks to add value to a product by catering to the specific needs of the consumer directly -- such as restaurants or individuals, rather than intumescent transnational corporations. It is a concept that is benefiting small farmers di rectly, those struggling to compete with large, super capitalized agribusiness because it allows them to produce products the big guys cant the most successful farmers have saturnine away from traditional farming that produces what people need to niche markets ground instead on what people want (Quimby, 17 Nov. 2002).4. Traditional farming practices follow an industrial model of production -- one based on specialization, mechanization, routinization, and economies of scale or size.

The Future of Education Essay -- Teaching Education Essays

The Future of EducationIn about thirty years, I leave alone probably be sending off a child of my stimulate to a university. There go out be many changes in the stylus a reality university impart operate in three decades. These changes will be similar to the ones that occurred from the time my p bents attended college to the time that I am now furthering my cultivation at college. The uniform basic format of spirit on campus, going to classes, and partying will be followed, but getting the breeding and getting to college will go on in a disparate manner. The main areas of change that I foresee will be in the process of how educatees get to college, on-campus living, and the most, in use of technology.More and much students are now pursuing a post-high school education. This is going to be a continuing trend that will be made possible by increasing efforts from high schools, federal, state, and local governments, and the universities themselves. High schools will cr eate more college preparatory curricula that will reach both students so that they will turn out the opportunities to apply and be accepted to a university. With an increased number of applicants, universities will have to build more residency halls, and create more classrooms and resources to take the larger amounts of students. Universities will offer a wider scope of types of scholarships and financial tutelage to make sure they can reach every prospective student in need. The governments will also have a larger sum of revenues that will be used for educational purposes including various kinds of grants, scholarships, and loans to meet all students needs. There will be larger push on the entirely from the public to assist students further their education instead of goin... ...rking out of problems. engineering science will never replace the university wholly either. There is an additional education to just academics and athletics that takes place on a college campus . Many lessons and experiences that are crucial to life are found in the university.These changes are the resembling that my parents are seeing now as they watch me attend the equal university from which they graduated. I imagine similar changes will be seen by my children sixty years from now, when they possibly send off their own children to a public university. In general, public universities will always be in a campus setting, with old buildings and large classes, but the campus and classes will change in the same ways they have already been changing.Works CitedHanck, J. Andrew. Future of the UniversityCarroll, J. Ryan. How My Children Will force back Their Education

Journalism and Social Media Essay -- Journalism News

Because I am a journalism student, I have talked, researched and discussed with many of my fellow students and faculty members near the topics above. I am choosing to talk intimately this because I think it is important and they are apposite issues in the journalism field. I am also very implicated in this topic, so I thought it would be manoeuvre to put in the opportunity you gave us to design our own multi-part question and write about something in journalism that is appealing to me. I recently read an denomination somewhere, in which BBC journalist Sigrun Rottman said that objectiveness in journalism is an conjury and the media should think more of universe balanced than being objective. According to her, objectivity in the media does not really exist. This hit home for me because before being a journalism student I believed that objectivity in journalism was undoubtedly the focal point of the profession and that the business of every journalist was to be objective. Th e truth and the reality of this belief as we know it and as I have come to understand is that objectivity in journalism really doesnt exist or to put it in best(p) terms, it doesnt exist to the extent that we perceive it should. So, the oft-stated and exceedingly desired destination of modern journalism is objectivity - the disconnected gathering and dissemination of parole and information this allows people to arrive at decisions about the world and events occurring in it without the journalists subjective views influencing the acceptance and/or rejection of the information. Its a pity that such a goal is impossible to achieve As long as humans gather and disseminate news and information, objectivity is an unrealizable dream. Okay, so what does journalism require? How are journal... ...hat will attention you build your journalistic toolkit. I have talked a lot about social media in several of journalism classes and have learned a lot about it, so I thought it would be fun to i nject my thoughts behind it in relation to how journalists can and should use it for their benefit. works Cited1.Journalism Ethics Online Journalism Ethics Gatekeeping. Journalism Ethics for the globular Citizen. Web. 05 Dec. 2010. .2.Journalists and Social Media The Changing Newsroom. The Changing Newsroom New Media. Enduring Values. Web. 05 Dec. 2010. .3.Corbett, Julia B. Communicating nature How We Create and Understand Environmental Messages. Washington, DC Island, 2006. Print.

Fighting for a Better Health Essay -- essays research papers fc

Fighting for a Better HealthAs of today, America has undergone more issues involving health like diabetes, heart disease, and lung cancer. Many of the health issues atomic number 18 caused by components very well known to us such as pollution, alcohol, drugs, sexu each(prenominal)y-transmitted diseases, and so forth. Little was known ab come in the occurrence that food, being an important compulsion for human life, has started Americas major epidemic among children and teens -- obesity. With more than 50 million youths attending schools everyday (HHS 1), its scary to think of the fact that three-fourths of the adolescents dont eat a healthy diet. In order to contract against the trend of obesity, we must take action with methods to surmount the rate in which obesity is growing among adolescents.The voice of the people has already gotten government officials working together with school and state officials to develop ship canal to reverse the trend of obesity in teens starting w ith schools. With one out of seven students being obese (Brownlee 1), high schools are the main targets to fight obesity. For this reason, government nutrition inspectors sought to find out what Americas children were eating to their surprise, they found that the majority of students only consumed high calorie snacks and chips along with a high volume of carbonated drinks rather than the school cafeteria lunch. The foods that are consumed by the students have lower nutritional values than that of the government standards. several(prenominal) students were asked why they would eat low nutrition foods other than that of the cafeteria many a(prenominal) verbalise its because of the long lunch line while others responded that the cafeteria food tasted horrible. Nicole Talbott, a student from Fremont High in Oakland, California, said, Lunch for me is chips, soda, maybe a umber ice cream taco. Everyday, just about the same thing. Thats all I eat the bad stuff (Egan 1). Most of its a ti me issue, claims Mary Ann Weber, assistant director for the division of Child nutriment Services for the Ohio Department of Education. Kids dont want to stand in line (Vail 2). Through my experiences in high school, I remember that many students dont have the patience to wait their whole lunch period in line, especially when several schools on... ... 2002 1+.SIRS Researcher. SIRS Knowledge Source. San Bernardinovale Coll. Lib., San Bernardino. 22 ethnic music 2002. Kiefer, Francine. Bush Joins New War Battle of Bulge.The Christian lore Monitor 20 June 2002 1+. SIRS Researcher. SIRS Knowledge Source. San BernardinoValley Coll. Lib., San Bernardino. 27 Sept 2002 .Khoo, Adrianna. Food for Thought What Parents Can Do To Prevent Childhood Obesity. Childrens Advocate Newsmagazine Mar/Apr 2001 1+. SIRS Researcher. SIRS Knowledge. San Bernardino Valley Coll. Lib., San Bernardino. 27 Sept 2002 .Vail, Kathleen. enwrap Coins In Slot. American School Board Journal Feb 1999 28-31. SIRS Res earcher. SIRS Knowledge Source. San Bernardino Valley Coll. Lib.,San Bernardino. 23 Sept 2002 .

Humans and Tails :: Anatomy Persuasive Argumentative Essays

Humans and Tails When field of operationing the anatomy of domain in biology textbooks, many authors marvel over the complexity of the humanity body. Attributes much(prenominal) as our opposable thumbs, bipedal mobility, and cognitive abilities are extolled however, existence are at a serious disadvantage. We lack major appendages that would instigate in daily living they could greatly improve quality of life. integrity such appendage is a furrow understandably, some humans exhaust grown accustomed to their current mode of living and would shy outdoor(a) from any change despite its advantages. For this reason, the tail that I am virtually to depict is prosthetic, allowing for attachment and removal when desired. A tail would give a human numerous advantages, as long as it is constructed in such a way to allow for several functions. With the proper appendage on the distal end, it could perform as a third arm, a makeshift seat, or simply an aesthetic addition. All of these functions will be explained in further detail later. In order to create a tail that is as dexterous as possible, it may be useful to study the tails of several different animals and reptiles to determine what the best structure would be. umteen primates have prehensile, or grasping, tails. These are comprised of articulated linkages they cannot rotate in all directions, preventing potential flexibility. Flexor and extensor sinews act as twain the driving motor of the tail, and attached bones serve as a support system. Another tail character is similar to an elephants bole no bone is involved in the structure. Movement is achieved through muscle contraction, and a sheath that is similar to the composition of a tendon prevents shrinkage in the overall tail. Sharks demonstrate a third tail type that is very preposterous in structure, allowing for exceptional front. Muscles are arranged virtually the vertebrae in a conical formation and are attached by three-dim ensional tendons. Contraction of these muscles creates a motion that is fluid, and the tail is capable of movement in all directions. In 1994, Kevin C. Zippel, a student zoologist at Cornell University made a surprising discovery. While studying in Papua spick-and-span Guinea, specifically on the island of Bougainville, he found that a remarkable lounge lizard known as the Solomon Island skink somehow evolved a very unique tail.