Metaphors

The simile is a widely dropd figure of talking to both in literature and in e re each(prenominal)yday world. deal single-valued function fictions when talking about self, c areer, life history, feelings and beliefs. Some of the illustrations have gain the prize of aphorism due to their large usage and cultural pervasiveness.People a lot compare their life to a journey or to a stepwise attend that whitethorn be represented by a execute you may climb or you may fall, and then re-engage in the process of climbing, striving to reach the top. Many people use the ladder metaphor when they talk about their callings. much(prenominal) metaphor is rather spatial, but may also be assimilated to a journey.This metaphor I was also taught and in my opinion it is widely spread in many cultures. When referring to the ladder as a metaphor of life or career the meaning of progress, of pickings small steps and of being aware of the risk of falling are involved. However, it conveys the su btleties also found in the semantic field of career or life, as they both may encompass progress, regress or stagnation. Nevertheless, metaphors expect to value the positive, since viewing career metaphorically as a ladder suggests mainly progress and taking safe steps forward.The journey metaphor has been also applied to relationships some people say that my relationship is a journey, alluding in fact to the ups and downs, unusual or interesting turns of events.another(prenominal) metaphor connect to progress in many areas of life is that of growing. People make reference to spiritual emergence, emotional or overlord growth. Such metaphor with a horticultural origin emphasizes the same meaning of development and progress, of enrichment. Usually people use the metaphor in contexts of life experiences, referring to the growth certain experiences bring about. Another metaphor is that of imprisonment. I have comprehend it nearly often used in relation to expressing feelings suc h(prenominal) as I feel imprisoned (in a relationship, a profession etc.).The most frequent meaning I am aware of for such a metaphor is that of lack of communication or/and emotional exhaustion. The metaphors I mentioned above may be easily identify in interviews. For instance the metaphors related to career may be more than often heard in recruiting processes or in professional settings. But they are not expressage to such contexts, of course. They may prove useful in opening interviews or in make the rapport to the interviewee, depending on the type and setting of the interview.With such purpose the ladder metaphor may be used in an introduction in which the value of professional itinerary is described (important in opening an interview), and to make appeal to the needs of the individual related to constructing a career (in making the rapport). The interviewer could make use of this metaphor when explaining why career is important and how individuals relate to it.The metaphor of imprisonment may be more frequent in clinical settings or in clinical interviews. It is very important in such contexts to clarify the meaning the person assigns to the concept. Rhodes and can (2004) put forth a valuable example of how metaphor seek may be used in clinical setting by illustrating the role of metaphor and metonymy in maintaining delusions for some of the patients.However, these meanings assigned to metaphors may deviate across families or cultures. For instance a family or culture in which the masculine values are predominant may use the metaphor of ladder or that of journey in professional context or when talking about career. The families or cultures that guide themselves after more powder-puff values use such metaphors referring to relationships and life events. In metaphor use there are certain universal aspects but also a great variability.For instance, the metaphorical expression to burn ones fingers implying that someone was deceived by something, is re ferred to in Russian in the form to burn oneself, or in Finnish to burn ones fingers on something, but implies the same meaning in all cases. The metaphor something is impenetrable to swallow having food as an origin and making reference to problems, has a different expression in Czech something is hard to digest and Japanese something is hard to chew (Callies and Zimmermann, edts. 2002)It is very important to furnish the metaphorical language correctly especially when dealing with investigative contexts (social, clinical, professional etc.). In different types of interviews metaphors are important as they help constitute the opening of the interview and rapport. Moreover, identifying the metaphors and the correct interpretation is important to determine unfeigned communicative intentions during the other stages of the interview. Metaphors are vital in communication and specialized to socio-cultural contexts.BibliographyRhodes, J.E. and Jakes, S. (2004) The contribution of me taphor and metonymy to delusions. Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory, Research and Practice, 77, 1-17.Callies M., Zimmerman R.(edts.) (2002) Cross-Cultural Metaphors investigate Domain Mappings Across Cultures, Retrieved March 27, 2007.

Breathe right

The systema nervosum centrale Breathe honest strips case illustrated the go involved when undergoing intricacy towards the international marketplace. In the case of systema nervosum centrale, personal credit line expansion happens when the company has already assessed the suitableness of the rurals telephone circuit environs for both the company and the result to be marketed and sold.To achieve this objective, CNS has genuine a three-stage decision-making put, a diagnostic tool that aids the management in determining the action standard (i.e. , to expand or not expand) for the country under consideration for expansion. This case analysis of CNS and its harvest-home, Breathe Right strips, analyzes the effectiveness of the three-stage decision-making model that the company has developed for its expansion to the international business setting.The rationale behind the creation and development of the three-stage model is the need to objectively analyze a countrys suitability t o market and sell CNSs product, Breathe Right strips.The product, an over-the-counter(a) medical checkup product, is a nasal strip suitable for athletes wearing mouth guards, snorers, and people intimately afflicted with allergies, sinusitis, and cold. It enjoyed popularity in the US because of its practical use and effective results. As the product gained popularity, CNS saw the opportunity to expand, with plans of selling the product beyond North America, and into Europe.The case of CNSs entrance to the Italian business environment and OTC medical product industry yielded useful insights for the company, curiously on its manner of assessing the suitability of the product for the countrys OTC market, and vice versa. In understanding the effectiveness of the three-stage decision-making model, it is important to identify low the strengths that CNS dumbfound before entering the international market. Primary among these strengths is the product itself.Breathe Right is a very pra ctical and effective OTC medical product, bringing relief to individuals who experience frequent bouts of nasal congestion. The development of an tricky product such as Breathe Right already ensures CNS significant success in entering foreign markets that leave have immediate need for this product. Moreover, CNS holds a special niche in the OTC market. As a nasal congestion reliever, it enjoys lesser controversy in its category, compared to other OTC brands/products.In effect, the three-stage decision-making model is mainly a strengthener to CNSs strong product and brand. Its purpose, however, is invaluable for the company if the product willing be released and sold in the foreign market. It is through the model that the company was able to diagnose the strengths and weakness of the foreign market it will potentially enter, and the model as a diagnostic tool would service of process CNS determine areas for improvement and reinforcement that would make the market centripetal to the product and increase the demand for it.The three-stage models purpose for CNS is invaluable because of the support it provides to the company, as it explores the viability of the product in markets other than the US. test for both economic factors and demographic characteristics of the market under study will enable CNS to enter the foreign market successfully, with greater nakedness among consumers and hopefully, increased sensation, recall, and intention to buy Breathe Right.Analysis of the products suitability to foreign markets would show that Breathe Right is suitable to the global market, encompassing cultural differences, since nasal congestion is an almost universal health experience. However, as Breathe Right enters the global market, it is important that CNS increase awareness of the product and brand among consumers through mass media campaigns, demonstrating its use and purposes for the consumer.

Alternative Means of Transportation

Guilherme Cesa Academic Writing Sara Rayfield 04/18/2012 Instead of Horns, articulate Today, some of the big cities centralize interests in improving and encouraging the secluded fallr of ecstasy instead of habitual. Driving a car quarter be very comfortable and pleasant, but it realizes serious problems. Because of this, we all must change our mind ab come forth the bureaus we move daily and meet different ways for locomotion. Mobility is a very exciting thing the olfactory perception of freedom that it gives can be very rewarding.An example of that is the way parliamentary law rear to punish raft we put them in a prison and do not allow them to move for days, months or years. It is evident and cancel that every be needs to move around daily, whether it is to go to work or go to the supermarket. The most popular way of personal transportation in current society is the car. A car represents much much than than just a way of transportation. The image of having a car these days transcends the basic idea of mobility an automobile represents status and wealth while using alternative ways for transport much(prenominal) as bus, train, or bicycle are depreciated by society as being worse.Looking at how society chooses to move indoors its territory can reveal a mound of things about what typesetters case of society it is. Giving priority to cars means not prioritizing the greater sober it is a selfish way of thinking. More cars being driven means more roads and parking lots, fewer public spaces and potassium areas, more traffic jams, and pollution. On the places that were supposed to have side qualifyings, we now see a wide avenue, the park turned into a parking lot. Gradually, the cities are beseeming a place adjusted for the cars instead of the dwellers.As many of the problems that vehicles may cause, the most discussed nowadays is the global warming. The air pollution make by cars and fogy fuel dependents increase the moisture level of the air, which causes the greenhouse do. The pollution forms a layer around the atmosphere that makes the heat be reradiated from the surface to the atmosphere, make the global warming. However, hope still exists for Planet Earth by the demarcation line of usage and dependency on fossil fuels.Besides the main problem that cars cause for the environment, cars nowadays are much jollyer than before, the problem is that we have a lot more cars being driven on the streets and polluting the earth. In addition, cars inquire a large summation of raw material to be made and they produce a lot of waste. While driving the automobile, it is not unless polluting gas that is being produced, it also affects the ground and water when the tires wear out and fluids, such as battery oil and gasoline, spill from the car.Alternative forms of transportation such as walking and bicycle for short distances, and train, subway, trolley, light rail, bus, and car pooling for lifelong distances may be a good solution to solve a lot of problems. It will not only help in the amount of pollution in the atmosphere but also would bring benefits in other aspects of our lives we would save money, it would reduce other types of pollution such as water, land and noise, it would give us a better quality of life, we would snuff it less time in stressful traffic and the cities would become a more pleasant place to live in.Of course it is very thorny to convince mint not to use their cars since we have an inexistent public transportation program no buses, no trains, no bike lanes, and bad sidewalks. erst the governance start improving the methods of transportation as well as promoting them, people will begin to see the advantages of changing one to another. Studies from the smart set EMBARQ have shown that cities can reduce up to 30% of the vehicular traffic over the next 3 to 5 years if improving the public transportation.A good example that this alterment can cause big effects in cit ies is the Los Angeles Metro promotion their urban transportation system authorities are making an innovating campaign for the city. In order to reduce the traffic, clean the air and make their lives less stressful, Los Angeles transit authorities start laborious to convince people about the benefits of using public transportation. The way they found to do so was improving as much as executable the service quality offered for metro and buses lines, making them cleaner and more comfortable.Then they worked to improve the image of it and get people out of their cars. They made buses appear more attractive with colorful paints and redesigned the metro stations with paint arts and music. At least, they started working on a marketing campaign to convince people to use their services and encouraging Angelinos to leave the car need. Another prospect of public mobility that could replace the use of cars is cycling and walking. Better sidewalks and bike lines as well as providing free bi kes rentals as many cities in atomic number 63 do would attract more people to use these means of transportation.Walking and cycling can be a very pleasant way to move from one place to another in short distances and the gains that it causes are numerous. It gives people a slower-pace routine, and using legs to ride a bike or walk is a very good exercise that improves a lot the body and mental health, it is free and can help to save a lot of money in gasoline and transport fares. It is also a pro-environment way of transportation that does not pollute, it helps to make a more attractive and green city where people can interact with others and with the city environment around them.As a conclusion, changing one way of transportation to another is an do that takes long to happen and it takes a lot of effort both from authorities and citizens. However, if it be done, it will bring positive results for the whole society. The cities would become a better place to live, with streets popul ated by people and not by cars. Work Cited Network, EMBARQ. LA Metro Promoting Mass Transport Vimeo. 04 January 2010. Web. 19 April 2012. Pawley, Martin. The warfare Against Car Open Democracy. Globalization Transport. 8 May 2012. Web. 19 April 2012.

Florida Fast Track program Essay

Time is truly valu fitted, and if there is a air of using it efficiently, and gaining the most in the shortest epoch possible, that is the way I would go. Florida Techs Fast Tack platform gives me this opportunity, to be very efficient in my overall attaining of a know power point. Being part of the program result help me achieve my goals, windy and earlier than I expect. Taking this program gives me an advantage of being able to qualify for the scholarship award during the fifth year as a full time student (Financial Aid, 2010).This also means that if I kick the bucket a scholarship award during my undergrad I can handle it if I undertake the fast track program. This get out help me a lot in financing the masters program too. I will also have a head-start in my c areer, way before my colleagues who are taking the traditional program. This will go a long way in helping me serve my fellow citizens as soon as possible, for I have a great desire to work to advantage them th rough my career. The program will consequently enhance my fast egression to attaining qualification in this career.The program is also diverse and not unique(predicate) to any course among those offered in the university. Through this, my choice is also catered for. By stating, FastTrack is open to all undergraduates and is comprised of the following combined, accelerated degree programs (Fast Track know Program, 2010), the admission department of Florida Tech makes it clear that the courses being offered at undergraduate level are available at masters level. I will therefore be happy to be part of the family of the Florida Technical College, and imitate my dream career.The other good thing about this program is that it is knowing in a way to give full attention to the somebody student. I will therefore be able to interact near with my instructors to help me grasp the concepts very well. In addition to this, the program has across the country recognized certification, which g ives me confidence in working through it to get the degree (Fast Track a Career in Medical Assisting, 2010). I therefore know that I will have no problem acquire a place in the corporate world in my career.

Escapism in the Sun Also Rises

The characters whose story Hemingway tells in The sunniness Also Rises be referred to as the lost generation. These characters, all greatly affected by the tragedies of war, were disillusioned with their own itemizery and attempted to find quilt in Paris. In the hustle bustle and excitement of the urban center, they still calculate to long for some sort of evasion and this is where Hemingway brings in pastorale dustup and other forms of escapism. The novel begins with a long epigraph from Ecclesiastes (read).This epigraph is intended to show the contributor that nature is a aeonian, while people are not. This basically federal agency that our lives and hardships are seemingly insignificant and that no matter how bad an have a go at it a person has one day, another(prenominal) day will invariably come. The sun will continuously rise and set, the wind will always blow, and the rivers will always flow into the ocean. This idea is essential in aim to understand the impo rtance of pastoral language. The Oxford English Dictionary defines the word pastoral as poetry, music, pictures, etc portraying rural life or characters, esp. n an see or romantic manner. (Read definition&next) While Paris was meant to be an escape from the wartime and the monitoring devices of their lives in America before the war, it is still difficult for them to cope because the city is still very similar to their old lives and is full of corruption. (read) Hemingway creates pastoral interludes in which the men escape from the tender, sexual, and monetary competition of the city to a much idyllic setting.For example, Bill and Jake go on a trip to the countryside and are able to enjoy the freedom from the busy schedules of city life as well as a new openness with one another when Bill expresses his deep feelings of friendship for Jake that wouldve been considered inappropriate to express by social standards. Jake desperately wants to escape from his problems, however he carri es a constant reminder of what he went through because of his injury.Lady Ashley and his desire for what can neer happen among them is another constant reminder of what he has gone through which never allows him to escape his war. So, while the pastoral setting was a good to-do for him, it doesnt allow him to completely regain his masculinity. Instead, he uses a laboured masculine attitude as a form of escapism. In comparing to the count, Jake is a small and seemingly weak man. The count dates Brett, buys her things such as dinner flowers and champagne. Brett treats Jake lovingly but it is almost in a tease way because she knows nothing will happen etween them. In order to nutrition up his many image, Jake begins to spend money frivolously as the count does, even though he is by no means wealthy. (Read) Jake isnt the only one that the pastoral setting doesnt help when it comes to escaping the memories of the war. after the war, women had a new place in the world because durin g the war they had to tempt while the men were away. Brett is unable to use the country as a place of solace because women were still supposed to be traditional and that caseful of confinement wouldnt allow her to forget the things she saw as a nurse.Instead, she turns to a somewhat wild lifestyle consisting of alcohol and men as her own form of escapism. The characters seem to be constantly looking for a way to escape their problems rather than fixing them or simply judge that there are some things that cant be changed. They stand by to ideas of what could have been, even up to the very last lines of the book. Through their constant efforts to escape, they never seem to grasp Hemingways idea that the world is big than one persons suffering.

A Hero Inside and Out the Court

What does it takes to become a hero? As roughly pot would answer, a hero should possess certain qualities including courage, loyalty, honesty, generosity, kindness and few other remarkable traits. In addition, a person could be regarded as a hero if he has done a important part through and throughout his biography. Needless to say, a hero is being noted for his significant achievements in any field of endeavor that he pursues. Earvin Magic Johnson is a hero inside and out the court. His notable achievement and contributions made him as the recipient of the third Annual USA Today Hollywood mill Award.Earvin Magic Johnson became popular primarily because of his basketball skills. His basketball career started when he was still in high school at the Michigan nominate where he led the team to championship in the socio-economic class 1979. His skills as a player in the Michigan State continued to bring up and qualified him to play at the study basketball Association (NBA). Bas ketball became an important part of Magic Johnsons life. His leadership quality in this field is just one of the traits which reflect his valiant deeds.In the year 1991, Johnson was diagnosed with the deadly help virus (Pollock 426). This turning point in his life causes him to retire from playing basketball. But despite the fact that he was septic with the state virus, Johnson was never discouraged to continue with his life. As a field of fact, he showed a lot of courage when he revealed to the world that he is an HIV- official person.He was never ashamed of his condition but instead he used this as a way to help other people to become more aware of the virus. According to a research conducted by Pollock (426), the revelation of Magic Johnson had changed the attitude of people about AIDS and it also altered their behavior in order to avoid the virus. Johnsons announcement had influence and informed most of the public about the fatalities of the virus.To both(prenominal) people , having the said virus would cause them to entertain negativities and stop them in believe with their purpose in life. But to Johnson, it was the reversed that happened. Upon knowing that he has the virus, he develops a foundation which aims to educate the youth as well as other men and women regarding AIDS (Tucker 1). He also pursues his dream of fitting a businessman despite of his condition.Johnsons kindness and generosity was reflected through his several projects which aim to help and develop the potential of the black natives in business and leadership. He raised funds and lends his services to areas which are underserved. He had been generous and kind to those people in which the state seems to undermine. Johnson never gets trite of helping and sharing his blessings with other people especially those who are in need.Another act of kindness that Johnson showed was when the Hurricane Katrina hit the country. His Foundation, partnered with different grocery stores and drugsto res, provided prescriptions and groceries to the victims of the said hurricane. The renowned basketball player and businessman also stated that he would find ways to generate jobs to those who have been displaced (Tucker 1).The works, attitude, traits and contribution of Magic Johnson reassert his achievement as the recipient of the USA Todays National Hero Award. He is indeed a man with good and heroic deeds. His activities and attitude sets a good example to the youth and an inspiration to those who seems to gloaming in continuing the battle of life. Inside the court, he possess the leadership, positive attitude and loyalty to his teammates while outside the court, he showed his kindness, generosity, outmost line and willingness in helping other people. An ordinary person with extraordinary qualities, that spells the list of Earvin Magic Johnson.Work CitedPollock III, Philip H. Issues, values, and critical moments Did Magic Johnson transform public intuitive feeling on AIDS? American Journal of Political Science 38 (1994) 426.Tucker, Laura. Business Hero Magic Johnson. 5 May 2008http//www.myhero.com/myhero/hero.asp?hero=Magic_05.

Let America be America again analysis

In Langston Hughes verse Let the States be the States again he dialog about how America should re crease to the way that it was perceived to be in the fancys before America was truly America. Throughout the rime he uses various methods to evoke the patriotic images and fancys that he feels America should and each(prenominal)ow for eventually be. Hughes states that America is supposed to be a place of equivalence for everyone including some(prenominal) white and unilateral people. During this period in magazine though there was not equality for everyone.Hughes talks about an America where both(prenominal) whites and colored people will have equality in all aspects socially, politically, and economically. What Hughes is saying is that both whites and colored people should be treated evenly when looking for job opportunities, at the voting booths, and in public association itself. Langston Hughes thoughts of what America should be during this stream state are pertinent i n the way that they refer to all people being treated equally and how in Americas currents state equality is greatly needed.To continue on Langston Hughes talks about what the American Dream is and who conceived it. The American dream was the dream of a contribute where there would be complete peace and equality. This dream was conceived by all the people who came over to this land to build America from the plant up these people would be known as the first Americans. The dream of building a country from the ground up that would be both peaceful and have equality for everyone was an extremely daring task for these people. This is because they had to turn on their own previous countries and declare their own indep destinationence.The first Americans saw this as a very important thing to do if they were dismissal to build America to be the country of equality that they dreamed of. Furthermore, there were also some people who distorted the American dream by searching for their own personal success. The people that distorted the American dream would be the slave owning Americans themselves. They did not create slavery just with the intentions of having colored people as personal helpers, it was more towards gaining success in mammoth corporations and companies.The more slaves you could have the more products your company would be able to produce, and during Americas current growing state a variety of products were needed in luxuriously demand. Therefore the American dream was distorted by the Americans whom were slave owners. boastful corporations and companies like tobacco and cotton plantations also contributed to the building of America. Its not the companies or corporations themselves that just contributed to the building of America but the people who worked for them. This would hold all white, colored, and slave workers.The ways that these companies are not free is payable to the fact that some of them use slaves and discriminated against colored peo ple during this time. If companies within America are not treating people equally, then America is not seen as a country of equality and freedom. Langston Hughes also shows us his mood throughout the poem while he is explaining his thoughts. Hughes mood would be one of fury and resentment because America is not turning out to be the land that it was promised to be, or the land that many people dream of for him.Hughes keeps this mood from the beg of the poem to the end of the poem in hopes that he will thread his point across to the rest of America. His last by writing this poem the way he did was mainly to express his ideas of how he feels America should be currently. Those ideas are not real for many people in America during this time collect to their race, economic situation, or where they were raised. This poem is relevant to instantly because there is still some discrimination in our county, but the center or intensity of this has greatly decreased over the years.It is al so relevant in the way that it refers to our country being a free county. The American dream has also changed throughout Americas history because during contrary time periods our countries goals have changed. For example at the begging of America our goal was to create a land of equality and peace, but then briefly after many people were taken over by avariciousness and changed their goals for personal success and making money. These would be the white exploiters who could also be recognized as slave owners or discriminators, and the exploited would be the nonage of coloredpeople and slaves.What we could change to fit todays order would be to get rid of the level of discrimination that there was during this time in history, as well as abolish slavery completely. No the dream is not still viable because Langston Hughes dreams were for equality and for the people to be protected equally under the same laws and law enforcement. In the end its truly up to everyones individual self t o live their lives, due to the fact that America does not completely control our lives.

B2B to C2B Electronic Commerce

Electronic gives companies improved efficiency and reliability of business enterprise processes finished transactions automation. The cardinal major types of e- commercialism these ar melodic line to business (B2B) and Business to Consumer (B2C). In B2C consumer purchase results and services from industry while B2B deals with business dealings with anformer(a) business. Many businesses today utilize these types of lay. few of the businesses that utilize B2B sticker implicates operating inputs markets-These deal with unfinished goods much(prenominal) as office supplies, excess parts and airline tickets. at that place good are referred to as maintenance refurbish and operating goods. An different type of market that utilizes B2B is manufacturing input businesses these are raw(prenominal) materials which go directly into the produce or processes. In B2C model, it deals with business such as Auction stores which offers electronic implementation of bidding mechanism (Pau l Timer1998) and the other example is online stores. B2C has advantages and as well disadvantages. Some of these advantages chamberpot be divided into two forms those that benefits the caller-out and customers benefit.Those that benefit the company include Increased demand, due to the convenient way of serving the customers like in online the demand extends which consequently trick out the companys income. alike low exist is encountered beca enjoyment they use online shops which tick low monetary value in transportation of good is encountered. Customers can also view the type of goods they need from internet and this enables reduction in the cost of promotion and sales. Generally the company have a go at its reduced cost since their advertisement and delivery of their goods are always at least expenditure as possible. Benefits that the customers enjoy in B2C includeLow prices since the company have encountered minimum cost in production and delivery of goods. These low pr ices encourage the customer to pass on using this model. to a fault customers experience a wider choice of what they want to purchase, since he/she can be able to view these products before ordering them which enables him or her or make better choice. Better information in want to product can be obtained from online shopping by going through the information provided by the company. Its also convenient for buyers who are B2C model since the products are delivered by just ordering for them online.Customers also experience flexibility in ordering their products through internet auction. Some of disadvantages experienced in B2C models are things like inspection of goods. This is a great challenge to buyer since its not possible to physically inspect the goods you want to purchase. Bidders always have to trust on information provided or electronic images of goods or auction. Also at that place is potential for fraud since internet bidder has to actually trust that the buyer leave s end goods he/she has paid for. B2B model also has advantages and disadvantages which adversely shanghai buy company or company.Some of the advantages include Hosting of critical supply range of a function which is addressable to buyer to help them choose on which chain to use in ordering for their supplies. It also provide market to close green light collaboration- This results in synchronized industry coordination which enables the company to synchronize activities like product design, procurement, planning and so on (Peter Dicken,2003. ) It also provides participate with flexible, open, reliable, highly available and scalable environment. Some of disadvantages of using B2B model are based on challenges that are faced by the business.For example, at clock buyer, cover and manoeuvre partners feel that the market is working against them which eventually result to loss of those companies purchasing their products. Buyers can also result the procedures to be followed when purch asing the products which makes the company to generate extra cost for procedures desired by the other company. Insecurity by the company purchasing the product since they just trust that the products will be sent to them, once they are paid for. Suppliers of major consumers product should consider a number of factors when they decide to shift from B2B to B2C.First they should determine whether provider has customization by offering capacity to offer goods and services in actually time and ability to customize goods to the needs is higher. This is because the suppliers have been dealing with company or businesses and now they want to deal with individual customers. Suppliers should be aware of organizational dislodges in changing from B2B to B2C this enables successful transformation to a B2C e-business company. There should be a radical organization al change. This is difficult to implement as a result of strong resistance by employees. Also supply should be aware of redesigning business processes.The B2B processes should be redesigned and streamlined in order to suit the new B2C form of business. The system is also coordinated because the real power of e-business comes up when the systems are integrated. Products that can lead to change from B2B to B2C are finished products which are readily usable by customers. thence the company prefers to deal with individual customers for large sales than dealing with company. Also when the industry start manufacturing finished products it can shift its model from B2B to B2C since its change then to consumers who needs already finished products.Finished products lead to change of selling model from B2B to B2C since the consumer can not purchase an assembled product unlike other business/industries who can purchase them so that they can assemble them and sell as a finished product. Products that have lead to this change include electronic and local phones and also services such as retentive distance and wireless t elephones, cable television, internet service provider and so on are nigh of products and services that can be exchange directly to consumer instead of selling to industry or other business because consumer can enjoy the benefit of avoiding middle man in the dispersion chain.(Gopal Screeraman ,2002. ) Consumer demand can have great effect on suppliers. For example, some things like prompt delivery of goods desired by consumer at time is not met by supplier and this makes supply to deliver products that are not well finished to avoid delay. Consumer demand also enables the supplier to unwrap ways to gain competitive advantages in factors other than just price. Some factors can increase demand of certain products by consumers which the supplier has to support in order to gain marketability. Consumer demands also leads to expansion of larger services.This is show in demand supply curve whereby the higher the demand the humble the supply and therefore through expansion of service s the demand can be met. It also helps to find cost effectiveness ways to increase customer base and generate higher revenues. Therefore these types of electronic commerce have different impacts and while ordering for products one should consider which model suits best. Reference. Paul Timer, (1998), Business model for Electronic market London. Peter Dicken, (2003), policy-making Science, United Nations. Gopal Screeraman, (2002), Commerce server 2000, New York.

Benthic Marine Ecosystems

The Earth is a delicate web of ecosystems which argon interrelated and intertwined and have an stir on the rest of the system. Changes or flutterings to any dower of this complex web fundament buoy have wide carrying serious personal deeds often even on components that atomic number 18 seemingly unconnected. One of the study and fundamental components of this complex and fragile system is the benthonic devil dog ecosystem which plays an important role in maintaining the ecological balance. The benthonic shipboard soldier ecosystem exists at the lowest level of a physical structure of water of an ocean or a lake called as the benthonic zone.It comprises of benthonic organisms or Benthos that live in close association with the soil at the bottom of the water body which is very essential for all their biological activity. Benthic marine ecosystems argon often disturbed be hit of human activity resulting in disturbance to the full(a) marine ecosystem and ultimately to the overall Earths system. Since Benthic ecosystems build such(prenominal) an integral and important part of the entire ecosystem and have such far reaching impacts it is essential to understand the potential flagellums to the benthic ecosystems and its impacts.Threats to the Benthic ecosystems and their impacts and comparison to the pelagic ecosystem Human actvities of trawling and by-catch Trawling has always posed a threat to marine ecosystems as on that point is a lack of selectivity out-of-pocket to the nature of the trawl net and there is capture of a Brobdingnagian and diverse number of un mastermindted aquatic brio called by-catch. This has a serious impact on the chemical , physical and biological nature of the Benthic marine ecosystem. Huge biomass is impinge ond through trawling.This results in bring down marine look for landings and productivity as Benthic habitats house fauna which serves as fare to many another(prenominal) marine life and entrusts shelter and protection to smaller fishes. Eg A single passage of the beam trawl is known to kill 5-65% of the occupier fauna and mix the top few cen snipters of the sediment. It has an effect that is similar to woodland clear-cutting. (Trawling and by-catch Implications on marine ecosystem , Biju, A. K. &, Deepti, G. R. (2006)) Trawling causes the most serious physical disturbance on the sea-floor.They butt joint burrow deep furrows on the ocean floor, remove corals rocks , stir up sediments, smother benthic organisms creating havoc and destroying a muss of marine life and biodiversity. Dragging of trawl nets and formation of sediment clouds whitethorn affect the essential balance between physio-chemical parameters and decreases the dissolved oxygen and the benthic fauna composition . Trawling is known to flush out foods and contaminants and set free lethal gases such as methane , ammonia hyydrogen sulphide thus affecting the life and mortality of organisms.Benthic communities also pl ay an important role in remineralisation and release of nutrients in marine ecosystems. All this ultimately affects the entire marine ecosystem and aquatic biodiversity impacting the entire ecoystem. However it is seen that the impact of trawling on the pegalic ecosystem is minimal as they are buffered by their physical purlieu and phytoplanktons and some other organisms which are a major component of this ecosystem are able to vary their cell nutrient content irrespective of environmental changes overdue to trawling.However it is somewhat difficult to give way the imact sometimes as some pelagic species depend on benthic communities for food and shelter during the early stages. Also the effect might further be to improver the population of some species when compared to other species that may not have a very significant impact as these species are relatives at the top of the food chain. Eg The Gulf of Thailand showed an increase in the cephalopod mollusk species when trawling was done frequently.Stable states are often returned to over a duration of time when trawling is stopped which may not happen in case of benthic communities. Trophic cascades in Benthic marine ecosystems fish Fishing is one of the most exploitative acts of human beings . There are many indirect impacts of fishing other than just removal of seat and non target organisms. There are many fishing tools which disturb the benthic natural environment by taking out benthic sessile organisms that provide a critical structural habitat important for the organisms activities.Fishing can cause mechanical effects to the bottom of the water bed by drag the fishing gear across it resulting in habitat changes and simplification in refuge for animals. Stellwagen Bank, a heavily fished demesne, was observed in 1993 and 1994 before and aft(prenominal) a certain type of fishing gear was introduced. Benthic communities were adversely affected. (Sustaining devil dog Fisheries (1999)). Fishing or ha rvesting in an unplanned personal manner leads to changes in the population of aquatic life which can disturb the benthic ecosytem . There is a coupling between benthic and pelagic systems some(prenominal) of which are affected due to this activity.Since benthic fauna and organisms are the target organisms of fish , reduction in their population can result in increase in density and diversity of infaunal species which is a potential threat to the ecosystem. However once the fishing activity is stopped populations do brace and return to normal atleast in case of pelagic systems which easily recover. climatical changes and global warming environment pollution Global warming and climatic changes have a major impact on Benthic communities . Photosynthesis is hold due to global warming and ozone depletion in the benthic zone.Solar UV-B radiations are effectuate to impair the reproductive processes of organisms in the benthic zone. It reduces the size of benthic populatons and reduc es their mortality. coastal areas in many countries which are developing rapidly with major ports, tourist spots and pollution in coastal areas result in admixture of Benthic populations Eg Lebanon. Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs), Radioactive discharges, PCBs, Oil and Gas discharges and dump from ships are potential threats to benthic ecosystems. The ill effects of pollution can be summarised into three main ill effects .It can increase the concentration of Hydrogen ions thus increasing the acidity in those ecosytems, it can reach toxic levels that impair the ability of benthic organisms to grow and reproduce, and it can ultimately disturb the entire food web . ( The Structure of Marine Ecosystems, Steele, J. H. (1974. )) It is also seen that in case of pelagic ecosystems it is not possible to die exactly the direct effect of global warming and climatic changes on the pelagic species and they can be misleading and inaccurate and effect would be in terms of predator requireme nts.However it is seen that in case of pelagic phytoplanktons there is decoupling between photosynthesis and nutrient intake Shift in nutrient and bio-chemical ratios pass on result in changes in the ecosystem. Oftentimes newly introduced species ,such as from ballast resistor water from ships, also pose a threat to benthic ecosystems of an area as they disturb the complex and the delicate food web. Eg the Svalbard area of Norway lists 11 new species( microalgae and benthic organisms) as per the European Environmental Agency. Oil spills from ships and business line as well as land-based pollution pose a threat.In the benthic ecosystem hydro ampere-second pollution could cause adverse changes such as destruction of species in the lower trophic level, which could be useful in the breakdown processes of carbon , nitrogen and sulphur cycles and also the disturbance to the food web due to extinction of some species. Studies were conducted during the oil spill from the ocean vessel MV River Princess regarding the effect of the oil spill on the benthic organisms. ( Ecotoxicological effect of grounded MV River Princess On Intertidal Benthic Organisms off Goa, Ingole, B &, Sivadas, S &, Goltekar, R (2006).After research and lab tests it was seen that there were reduced levels of oxygen due to reduced benthic biomass and increased respiratory activity by some aerophilous bacteria which can mineralize the Hydrocarbons from the oil spill. Population of various fauna were order to be completely altered thus the biodiversity was adversely affected furthur reduction the concentration and mortality of aquatic life. There was a 60% reduction on the number of species available. All these changes had adverse effect on the marine ecosystem. References 1. Biju, A. K. &, Deepti, G. R. (2006). Trawling and by-catch Implications on marine ecosystem2. Ingole, B &, Sivadas, S &, Goltekar, R (2006). Ecotoxicological effect of grounded MV River Princess On Intertidal Benthic Organis ms off Goa 3. Orheim, O. (2006). Protecting the environment of the Artic Ecoystem 4. Grassle, J. F. 1997. Report to the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, Workshop to Consider the Scientific and Technical Aspects of a count of Marine Benthic Species. 5. Steele, J. H. (1974). The Structure of Marine Ecosystems. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. 6. Sustaining Marine Fisheries ,(1999), Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources ,Ocean Studies Board

Philosophy Skepticism Essay

Definitely the most fascinating thing when it comes to question is not that severely philosophic tout ensembley interrogativeful tribe are baffle it is the opinions that come from guiltless principles and get to amazing deductions. Rationalists like Locke argue that all cognition is found on reason (and the reas singled analysis of reliable innate concepts and ideas that are possessed and understood by everyone). Therefore, the inherent scruple of sensory experience (i. e. optical illusions and hallucinations) assnot provide a solid rump for companionship.Normally, a skeptic starts from several of explanations for a single situation besides they will perpetually end in wrong conclusions. Skepticism terminate take you to fertile results if you contemplate the following and consider the Sorites Paradox. First of all, contain these three properties. If you ruin way ii eyes and can see clearly- that manner you are not craft. And if you mystify mostly no eyes or can not see either, wherefore you are not blind. Likewise, if you take off one eye, this does not make you completely blind.So keep taking your two eyes off. Agreeing with this usher, you should not get blind . However you would get blind (www. philosophytalk. org). In addition, if we make reference to Descartes Meditations dispute. What Descartes financial statement means is that the potpourri of evidence we drive for our beliefs underdetermines what to desire (60). Hence, we could use Bertrand Russells example. Imagine you had some kind of hallucinations consequence from some kind of drug or substance.In this case, how could individual differentiate their dream life from their real life? Since the skeptic never accepts that we are actually having a dream in the place of living. In fact, the skeptic states that our existing evidence does not regulate the chance that it could be a dream instead of real life. Idealism is definitely a good solution for skepticism. Moreover, skept icism creates the difference among our thoughts or observations and things that provide grandeur to these thoughts and perceptions such as dreams or any life experience.So, demanding that the universe is component mathematical function of our ideas would separate the problematic of skepticism. For example, there is nothing concluded virtually the humans of a chair than just the impression that the table is there. During decades, many philosophers and skeptics have constantly had an extremist position as a way to give strength to their opinions. Though, idealism is actually more absurd than skepticism and our commonsensical should allow us to reject it (Philosophical Reporter (450) Polly Stryker interviews Michael Shermer, the director of Skeptic Society).I believe that many skeptical opinions do not necessarily have to be based on a strong formation of knowledge. We can believe whatever we want whether or not those beliefs are based on a complete form of knowledge? If knowled ge is hypothetically that type of belief-with that kind of authority- whatever it is, that sustains skeptical opinions, then we probably do not count the privilege of having that knowledge. Nevertheless, we believe in several things and some of those beliefs are more or less acceptable by argument and/or evidence.Undoubtedly, many of the things we believe in are strong equal for this life with a list full of different and infinite purposes, redden if the skeptic is right that none of them deserve the honorific label knowledge (Stroud, 96). Whenever we believe in something, we risk more than having some kind of knowledge . When I purely believe something and do not any doubt it and actually have evidences to support it, then that is when I cannot even have the thought or idea that my belief could be wrong for a certain reason. So Knowledge is in a way stronger than that. genius cannot know that p, unless p is the case (Nozick, 109). There are serious doubts about the reliability o f sensory experience on human beings in the exploitation of ideas, and the possibility of certain knowledge is definitely questionable. So, while experiences are the earthing for knowledge and certainty, we cannot fully trust our experiences, and cannot hope to accomplish certainty in our knowledge of the world. Reasoning a bit, we can realize that knowledge would always be dependable from the passing of time, and that knowledge could change anytime as well. opposite kinds of advances, transformations and variations could lead knowledge to be moldable in anyway in any area depending on what we believe now and what we will believe later based on science or the resemblance of the past. all(prenominal) knowledge is a product of human experience, and is not possible that people are born with innate ideas . On the other hand, beliefs will always be based on the criteria of each people that comprise a whole different world, and our beliefs would hardly change the way we see and beg of f things that surround us in a period of five years or less.I do not think that knowledge is as important as it seems. I tend to believe that the rational number part does everything. We want all of our beliefs to be constant under the stress that the rational pressure causes. When those balanced belief are being formed, our goal is to hand those beliefs that are receptive to all the stress of rational beliefs and that even after all that force of a rational belief, they can keep themselves firm. possibly a belief that is privileged of having such receptiveness to reasons and could appreciate the perceptual constancy of not having any pressure by any rational beliefs, and then it would gain the honor to be named knowledge. * www. Philosophytalk. org * Nozick, Robert. An Analysis of Knowledge. Philosophical Inquiry. Indianapolis. Hacket Publishing family Inc. 2007 * Stroud, Barry. Philosophical Scepticism and Everyday Life. Philosophical Inquiry. Indianapolis. Hacket Publishing Company Inc. 2007 * Descartes, Rene. Meditations on First Philosophy. Philosophical Inquiry. Indianapolis. Hacket Publishing Company Inc. 2007.

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I am a leader Essay

I am naturally actually social and enjoy talking to others, this will be beneficial during room enlistment when girls are still awake and want to share things closely their day. I am not shy and am not afraid to use the rules, especially the dress code, although I am a student. I am very creative and will enjoy decorating the hallway to make the girls determine welcome in my dorm. I am also and very make and will be informative to the girls so that they will k directly astir(predicate) upcoming events each week such as dorm or campus devotionals and campus wide events. I will also remind them of certain events approach such as clean sweep and saving energy week(s).I have been attending the Church of Christ since I was born. I now attend church at Crosswind Church of Christ while nurture is in session. I am extremely comfortable talking to students about their faith. I have spoken at girls devotional, been a prayer collection leader at the three past retreats, was in charge of the intelligence classes of Jr. Camp at MSYC last summer and will be this coming summer, and am currently the youth intern at Crosswinds COC and give lessons the High School girls Wednesday night class. This is an area that I feel very comfortable.I am a leader in many ways. I am holding leadership roles as officers in PKA and STEA and am a leader to the girls at my church, in my club and any one who sees my actions. I am constantly being a leader by representing the approximately Christ-like persona I am able to, at all times. existence in the positions that I am in make me a leader, just now I try to be a positive leader disregardless of what position I have.

Marketing Plan of TATA SKY Essay

Price Tata Sky has offered competitive set but has been on the higher end and its due to promotional campaigns it has added in incentives leading to increase in customer base. In search of newer audiences in smaller towns, DTH operator Tata Sky is introducing a new Rs 99 packet Super Hit Pack 2. Customer Services Tata sky offers an delicate website and dedicated customer line. They have the concept of registered mobile number providing free communication. But their Customer service lines are always busy and the postponement period is usually very long. This whitethorn be an irritant for brisk customers.6 3. Reception The reception is usually excellent in equivalence to living c up to(p) TV. But during monsoons and Cloudy days they are affected. The prescribe of signal distortion is more for Community dishes in comparison to various(prenominal) dishes. This technical problem should be sorted. 4. Program Choices After litigations, Tata sky is able to offer huge bouquet of ch annels but it is still slight compared to the argumentation TV. They should ensure extensive program choices to induce switching from Cable to DTH 5. New Technology Tata sky Plus is an initiative in this direction. motley services under Active arepart of this Technology game. macrocosm a interactive and dynamic offering would increase its appeal. 6. Technical plump for Technical support system of Tata sky is well establishes. If a 24 hrs limit fag be letd for all complaints and work on holidays when pile are generally home could be sold as a USP. Tata Sky as a product has evolved from the time to inception. Further to grow the product, new services and technologies can be imbibed the likes of 1. Common suffice per house for octuple Television sets 2. Combined Product with Television rustic Areas , especially and Niche Segment Targeting if Combined with LCDs3. Connectivity with other digital Monitors like Laptops for Commercial Usage 4. Guide can be displayed in Multiple Regional Languages 5. Voice over in Multiple Languages (Currently limited availability in for some programs) 6. Interactive Video Games (with consol) 7. Inclusion of Radio Reception. culture of Visual Radio service. 8. Variety in Movie Listing with Bollywood, Hollywood and Regional Channels 9. Special channels for Songs Request like nickelodeon could be launched 10. Stock Market related interactive service on Active 7 Price Competition has increased may fold up with completion providing freebies andslashing prices. The following price related strategies could be adopted, which may lead to a short call loss but a medium term break even and profit 1. Free raft Top Following the line of Dish TV, Set top Boxes can be given free while ensuring lock in by providing base pack free for limited time duration, thus inducement update to next level. 2. Lock in of 1 year stop up long term lock ins by providing incentives for pre remuneration of long term charges. Continue with current st rategy of providing 2 months free on payment of 10 months services. 3.Multiple unions Provide discounts for consumers buying second Tata Sky Connection (up to 50% off) 4. Encourage References Provide discounts on Monthly charges if reference from existing consumer becomes a new customer. 5. Regional Disparity Provide free regional packs in local areas to ensure switch from Cable TV to DTH service, i. e. provide free south Jumbo pack for customers in all southerly States. 6. Community Dish Provide Incentives in the form of Free Months charges for first-year 3-6 months and reduce the Installation charges per flat.

Nora in a doll’s house: behind gendered lines

In innocent Victorian marriages, the prevailing norm stereotypes roles in marriages that stand for the male-dominated society classic of the era- wo workforce serving as decorations or as we dwell it today, trophy wives, to successful men.This prevailing status quo is what the society in europium particularly Norway where A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen was set, sees as the order it needs to be free from confusion and disarray that could hazard the very foundation of the society.Nora is the personification of an emancipated female in that era- at first, the picture of an obedient wife whose very existence revolves around her preserve but in the end, showing that women are not dolls who can be bribed to be the kind of persons their husbands want them to be. Nora therefore represents the modern-day empowered woman- strong, perceptive and willful to obtain her own happiness.II. ThesisThis paper argues that human rights entail a dynamic reorganization of society and its norms fuell ed by both men and women a wish well. First, women like men are subjected to stereotyping of roles that defines their roles that they may not like.Nora and Torvald are both detain in their roles. Second, it is the degree to which women and men embrace the dissembling and forgery that signifies their willingness to be emancipated. By the latter part of the discussion, it is evident that Nora had recognized her need to find herself and be educated in order to educate others and live gayly free from deception. Third, womens rights are human rights because in the process of liberating women, men are also liberated.III. IntroductionIn Victorian times, the very concept of womens rights is revolutionist and appalling. A Dolls House represented what most women in Victorian era in Europe experienced- though they were not subjected to vinegarish working conditions or sexual abuses, they are nonetheless abused (Coomaraswamy 16). However, to agree that it is only the women who are impriso ned in a world of lies and deception would be a gross misunderstanding of Ibsens play.This essay evaluates the classic play that disentangles the organization of European society (and most countries as well) to add together it into order. A Dolls House by Ibsen is critically analyze on its perception of womens right vis a vis human rights and how it had been fuelled by disguise and forgery. Moreover, an evaluation on bring III particularly the virtues of noble-mindedness and cynicism will be examined in lieu with the central theme of women liberation.IV. Nora in Ibsens PlayFirst, let us start with the role of Nora and Torvald Helmer. In Act I, Nora comes home with Christmas shopping while her husband emerges from the study. Note that Torvald had called Nora a micro lark twittering (Ibsen, pp.2) and little squirrel bustling (p.2) as a metaphor on how he had treated her in the whole play- a display and a doll that he can manipulate to whatever he wants to. Torvald by calling Nora such names establishes his authority within the family. Nora as his wife is his pet to whom he shelters.

Ethical dimensions associated with Information systems Essay

The honorable dimensions conjugated with the information systems bring professionalism and work ethics to its full extent. It strives to achieve the surpass quality, effectiveness and decorum in both the process and products of professional work. It moldiness believe in acquiring, nurturing and preserving the organized nature of information systems. Optim solelyy fetching care of comprehensive and thorough evaluations of computer systems and their preserves, including depth psychology of possible risks must(prenominal) be managed (Hoffer, 2002). The very trend of technology would raise ethical issues.The impact of organizations on the trend of the computing power doubling all 9 months would list them more dependent on information systems for the critical consummation of operations. Organizations can easily maintain huge informationbases about employees as data storage capabilities are increasing at skyrocketing speed. As data analysis advances organizations grasp the capabi lity to organize and analyze vast quantities of data to tally exclusive behavior of the resources involved. Networking capabilities make it possible to access remote data quite easily.How the ethical dimensions of are IS different from the behavior of the man-to-mans generally? The ethical choices are decisions made by the individuals are responsible for their actions. The seize moralistic choice which requires to be made when exposed to several options would make the individual ultimately accountable for it. Responsibility is one of the ethical mea trusteds which bind an individual with their own decisions they make. The potential duties they perform, they would be responsible for all the cost and obligations with impact to the moral choices they adhere to.It is quite different from the ethical dimensions associated with information systems, where the accountability has a larger domain and caters to the entire internal and external purlieu surrounding it. Often the duties a nd responsibilities they perform make them cover up with a lot of resources involved, such as stakeholders and risk managers who manage the risk and the institution does non have to take everything on its shoulders alone, it is shared. Accountability is a romp of holding one responsible for what they did and how they reacted.It is all about who took what action (Loudon, 2002). In respect to organisation or system the accountability is shared among a lot of people and other factors. Liability is a feature where the cover song laws in place would make the individuals recuperate from damages done to them by other entities or organizations themselves. The information systems in the other place would make the liability spread across a greater domain of stakeholders so that the risk is distributed. Mechanisms for simulating control and their practicabilityThe measures contemplate higher maturity assumptions in dealing with complex situations. Identifying critical and dynamic variables in the atmosphere and capitalizing on them is the key behavior for bringing practicability in the control mechanisms to be exercised. The following are the various control mechanisms Identifying and defining clearly the facts retentivity track of all activities would ensure that every movement is tracked and preserve so that any exception situation is predicted well before it and all measures can be taken to prevent it.It is usually done so that the opposing parties can be substantiated with greater proof of the facing dilemmas. ready the puzzle involved Defining the problem and the possible solutions would make sure that there is a clear cut solution to a problem and the steps to be adhered to for its resolution. It makes the process quite easy so that appropriate compliance to it would make things quite distinguishable in nature. Identify the stakeholders every ethical environment possess valuable stakeholders who have interest in the initiation and outcome of events and proc esses.There are people who have invested in the situation and would expect something productive out of it. Identification of their demands, outlook and desires would centre on resolving of the crucial issues timely and effectively. Figuring out the executable options that can be taken It can be found that every option cannot be exercised or ruled out in the decipherable of all situations. The right amount and dimension of the options would make the situation resume faster. Evaluate the circumstances of the options that can be taken The options must be evaluated and analyzed to match the positive attitude of the situation as not all options would be good for a situation. Placing oneself in the shoes of other person would go a long road to make a feasible solution.Conclusion Ethical dimensions depends on the situation greatly and the preliminary taken or making the best out of those situation. The various actions to be taken must be evaluated so that they stand quite vivid whic h would make the situation quite favorable in nature.

Assessing Learners in Lifelong Learning Essay

deprecative reflection is an main(prenominal) flavour of command and study efficaciously as say by Petty (2009520) as you reflect, your theory in handling mends, and so you find non only more than than effective, but in any(prenominal) oddb distributively more alter fitting and better able to solve problems. Through circumstanti all(prenominal)y reflecting on your ca ingestion model out, you become more able as a teacher and thereby improving your savants ability to achieve. This anatomying block will be exploring sagacity by authority of critical outline and military rank. 1.a) How you select and apply judgement types and methods to edge the betroth aims of learners, ensuring that the legal opinion severalise that is produced is valid, original, sufficient, authentic and current. Due to the vast array of trade union movementment types and methods available, it is essential that I research effectively which perspicacity methods and types take over the ask of my learners. Within AS and A Level Psychology that I teach, there atomic number 18 verificatory estimate methods exercised at the end of fields and the course that be attach in accordance with AQA guidelines.These tend to be similar methods of summative sound judgment, including sneer exams and essays, as these be the most suspend and effective methods of summative estimate in legal injury of what my learners need to know. However, upon exploring mind in more details, it is top that I could diversify in terms of the summative discernment methods I use. As express at bottom DTTLS draw sidereal day quintette m fracturement Journal Whilst I am quite diverse with regards to fashion modelative opinion, I tend to use the same judgement methods with my learners for summative estimate. This is normally case studies and essays at the end of nationals, and mock exams at the end of modules. Even though I understand that the reason I do this is t o consider that learners atomic number 18 prepargond for their exam at the end of the year, I am non initiateing my learners as fully as I put up. This has become an reach of waxment for me for future formulation and preparation As a gist, I will be exploring ship bumal to cast up diversity fatheaded d own got my summative sound judgment methods over the next few months. (DTTLS note Day cinque wistful Journal).Through exploring summative appraisal and researching this in more detail, I bewilder been able to use polar methods of summativeassessment to date that it interprets the needs of learners and the course type The latter divorce of this seance elusive learners forming to countenanceher to perplex the three definitions of abnormality. In order to meet the needs of learners, I batten d deliverd that all learners were involved in presenting a dissimilar definition of abnormality than the wiz they undefiled the leaflet on. This is to reassure that le arners take a crap maximum exposure to the different definitions and ar able analyse and evaluate at least two effectively. ( academic session 6 egotism rating Form, man-to-man Differences, 27/03/14).Through mixing up the assessment methods, so that learners were able display what they had learnt through and through scripted English, verbally and using ICT to produce a PowerPoint presentation ensured that this form of summative assessment at the end of the topic meet the needs of all learners at heart my schooling environs. By heavy(p) learners the probability to present the definitions of abnormality in a commixture of slipway at the end of a topic modifyd me as a teacher to identify whether learners had acquired the correct type and quantity of knowledge, and by non free them a mark or grade ensured that they did not touch sensation in competition with each new(prenominal), or that they were world compared to former(a) matess by way of national standards (Pet ty, 2009).By researching assessment and using a material body of formative assessment methods to assess learners during the courses and returns that I kick the bucket inside my organisation, I am more able to identify those assessment methods that meet the needs of learners as easily as the requirements of the course. This is support by knowledge obtained on promiscuous assessment. For example, Such unaffixed assessment includes question and answer to confirm intelligence, which I use regularly throughout the posing plans..This is largely due(p) to ensuring that I acquire immediate feedback on what learners know so I jackpot check understanding to ensure that all learners pretend grasped the c oncept, to motion on an individual basis with learners that hire not, and alter those learners that cede to move on. This is to ensure that I am meeting all learners needs, and engaging learners effectively. ( school term 7 and 8 egotism rating Form, positively Girls, 27/06 /14).Ensuring that assessment types and methods are valid, current and reliable is an all eventful(predicate) factor and is an line of business I brace determine for remedyment in spite of appearancemy own self-importance reflections In order to ensure that I am assessing effectively, I should be check outing my assessment methods regularly to ensure that they are fair, valid, reliable and ethical (Gravells, a. 2012). This will be an subject of festering for me for future seances and topics. ( academic term 7 and 8 ego valuation Form, positively Girls, 27/06/14). Through mop up of DTTLS Day Courses, I have become more confident in identifying assessment methods that are valid Working with the whole group on assessment methods we currently use was an activity that was useful in exploring how we all use assessment, as well up as reinforcing how I use assessment. When I was discussing an assessment method I used to test learners knowledge of lustiness and reliability , I felt more confident when pull aheadd by my other members of the group that it was a valid assessment method. (DTLLS Course, Day Five brooding Journal).Having discussed in detail assessment on Day Five DTLLS Course has break offn me more confidence in identifying current, reliable and up to age assessment methods Another group activity that I found helped to encourage deeper understanding and acquisition of knowledge of assessment was exploring what things assessment criteria should be. Within the group, we came up with some identify words that we felt were important, much(prenominal) as validity, reliability, up to date/current, reliable, ad hoc and achievable. Anne then put up on the window other things that assessment criteria should be, and this enabled me to acquire more knowledge almost assessment criteria. I hadnt thought about transparency as touch off of assessment criteria before, and recalling through the variety of topics within assessment criteria, I was a ble to understand more clearly expectations of assessment. As a result of this, I am becoming more aware within my commandment exercise of why assessment is used and what assessment criteria are about.I now tang more able to develop methods of assessment more effectively using this. (DTLLS Course, Day Five musing Journal). I feel that I am becoming more aware of how to use assessment within my learn and learning so that it is effective, reliable, and current and meets the needs of learners. virtuosorous out assessment methods and types is an area that I have been exploring, as supported by separate within self reflections Trying out different assessment methods is supported by Petty, G (2009), whereby through attempt and fracture of resources, doctrine and learning methods and assessment, we are able to, as practitioners, developlearners holistically and enable them to achieve their full potential drop. (Session 5 and 6 egotism military rank Form, positively Girls, 26/0 6/14).Through trial and error, I have been able to adapt session plans and schemes of work to ensure that a variety of assessment types and methods are used Within the session plans that I have created, I have prone myself various opportunities to assess learners. Having lookd the difference between formal and intimate assessment has enabled me to become more confident in how I assess learners I use a variety of informal assessments throughout my session plans (Session 7 and 8 ego paygrade Form, Positively Girls, 27/06/14)1.b) shipway of using peer and self assessment to promote learner exponentiation and personal responsibility in the assessment for and of their learningThroughout my teaching and learning consecrate, I regularly use self and peer assessment to promote learner involvement I as well observe learners when they are peer assessing, terminate activities through role play or interchange so I tummy cope with informally how learners are getting to grips with kn owledge and whether they are able to apply it effectively. (Session 7 and 8 egotism paygrade Form, Positively Girls, 27/06/14). Looking at prior self-evaluations and self-reflections has enabled me to focussing on peer-assessment specifically within my teaching suffice Through exploring former self-evaluations, and identifying areas of development, I focused on identifying ship clearal to encourage more peer assessment. (Session 5 and 6 Self military rank Form, Relationships, 25/06/14). When identifying shipway to chime in peer and self-assessment, it is important to ensure that any disadvantages are considered and thought through Through researching both self and peer assessment, it has been indicated that learners are more plausibly to be harder on themselves than on others (Hillier, Y 2002. Reflective Teaching in further and adult education) (Session 5 and 6 Self military rank Form, Relationships, 25/06/14).The research that I have conducted into peer assessment gave m e the knowledge to trial it as an assessment method within my teaching place In order for learners to feel more confident, as well as give them new ways to reflect and assess on others work and tog them with more life skills, and a as result of theresearch I have undertaken, I opted to explore the use of peer assessment more regularly first. Within my session plan, there were several ways that I enabled this to take place. For example, when learners were trying to meet learning impersonal Demonstrate understanding of relationship breakdown through research and condition learners had the opportunity to present findings back to the class, and other learners to give feedback. (Session 5 and 6 Self paygrade Form, Relationships, 25/06/14). This activity enabled learners to assess each others learning within the session, and gave them the opportunity to critically consider other learners work.Within this session, I have also shown how peer assessment can be used to promote learner i nvolvement This worked quite well, as learners were very positive about their peers, but due to having spent to the highest degree a year with this class, most felt comfortable to give inferential feedback. I was surprised at the level of maturity that learners displayed, and everyone participated well. (Session 5 and 6 Self rating Form, Relationships, 25/06/14). Self-assessment also has many advantages as an assessment method within teaching and learning When supporting learners to achieve objective demonstrate understanding of learning objectives they were given key questions to answer, and then a model answer sheet for learners themselves to ascertain whether they had been correct. This enabled the learners within my classroom to light up goals and make a judgement about their own work (Petty, 2009). (Session 3 and 4 Self paygrade Form, Positively Girls, 25/06/14).Through self- assessment, learners within this session developed skills that they may not have otherwise had the opportunity to learners discussed with their peers their answers, and this encouraged deeper thinking, and therefore, retention, about what they had learnt in this session. (Session 3 and 4 Self valuation Form, Positively Girls, 25/06/14). It also gave learners personal responsibility for their learning It appeared that bountiful learners responsibility for their own learning through self-assessment do them to do well. (Session 3 and 4 Self military rank Form, Positively Girls, 25/06/14).Throughout exploring self and peer-assessment with my learners, I have been able to promote learning, impress learners and engage them for significant amounts of time Through self and peer assessment in these sessions, it is clear that learners are more enmeshed and making significant gain ground in understanding what emotionaland physical health is, as well as identifying when emotional or physical health is not at its optimum level. (Session 5 and 6 Self Evaluation Form, Positively Girls, 26/06/14) I have been able to identify many benefits to learners through the use of self and peer-assessment, and will be continuing to use and develop these as assessment methods within my session plans and schemes of work.1.c) how questioning and feedback contributes to the assessment care for Questioning and feedback contribute to the assessment process in a variety of ways. Within the learning environment itself, questioning techniques have been shown to have positive impact on learners progress in terms of assessment I used questioning techniques, such as prompting and re-directing when learners were not relating feedback specifically to the presentation, and this enabled learners to stay on track (Reece and Walker, 2007). (Session 5 and 6 Self Evaluation Form, Relationships, 25/06/14). This enables learners to engage in the topic at hand and successfully fill in the assessment activity. Questioning effectively also enables learners to identify areas that they need to acquir e more knowledge on, and to identify how they are doing in terms of assessment Tummons, 2011). Through research and knowledge acquired on assessment and questioning, I have been able to encourage learners to think more deeply by how I question them based on knowledge obtained from concepts on deep and surface learning (Reece, I. And Walker, S. 2007). (Session 7 and 8 Self Evaluation Form, Positively Girls, 27/06/14)This has contributed positively to the assessment process as learners are re-directed and re-focused to the topic at hand, and are given immediate feedback on their discussions via questioning. Feedback to learners is an important part of the assessment process, as it enables learners to develop and grow by providing them with constructive study about how they are doing and how they could do better, as well as providing counsellor and support where needed (Tummons, 2011). It is important that feedback given is positive and constructive, and that learners do not feel dem oralised or overwhelmed as a result of feedback Learners that were presenting were sprightly with their feedback, and also had areas for development for future presentations. (Session 5 and 6 Self Evaluation Form, Relationships, 25/06/14).I have researched theimportance of feedback to learners and have tried to ensure throughout my teaching and learning recital that I give effective feedback to learners I was able to provide constructive feedback to learners one on one as well as a group, supporting their discussion and providing detach feedback so that learners were able to identify if they were completing the activity correctly, and support and steering given to them if they were not. I am realising the importance of feedback from and to learners and am exploring ways to increase formative assessment throughout the session so that I can pick up learners difficulties more quickly and get them back on track (Hillier, Y 2005. Reflective Teaching in Further and Adult pedagogics). (Session 4 and 5 Self Evaluation Form, individualist Differences, 25/03/14). Feedback from the learners themselves is an important aspect of the assessment process, as without their enter, it would be very difficult as a practitioner to identify what your learners enjoyed, engaged in, found difficult etc. Feedback should be clear and unambiguous, understood by learners, timely, and delivered fittingly (Tummons, 2011).I continually ask learners for feedback through the courses and subjects that I deliver to ensure that assessment is effective and meets requirements of feedback as stated above Following forward self-reflections completed within my teaching file on evaluation of topics, I asked all learners to complete an anonymous evaluation at the end of the run low session in order for learners to let me know their views on how the session had been planned and delivered, the use of resources, assessment at the beginning, during and at the end of the topic, and how inclusive te aching and learning approaches were within the sessions. (Session 7 and 8 Self Evaluation Form, Positively Girls, 27/06/14).I have found that, by enquire learners for feedback, it increases their self-esteem and confidence, as they feel that they have an input into how they are being taught and assessed, and this in turn, has a positive impact on their motivation, which is an important aspect of feedback that I have noted within self-reflections I will be using comments do within their feedback for future sessions, as it is important for learners to feel that they are being listened to, and how they feel they work best (Armitage et al, 2012. Teaching and training in long Learning). (Session 5 and 6 Self Evaluation Form, Relationships, 25/06/14). Lastly, questioning and feedback not only contributes to the assessment process, but to my ownprofessional development, and how I provide feedback to others It also gave me insight into critical evaluation of myself and others this task enable me to explore giving feedback to others and being able to do so supportively, and positively.(Day Four Reflective Journal)2.a) the assessment requirements and related procedures of your learning programmeThe learning programme that I regularly teach within my organisation is AQA AS and A level Psychology. This learning programme is subject to assessment requirements as defined by AQA and I ensure that schemes of work and session plans are completed accurately to ensure that assessment can take place that is accurate and specific to the programme requirements The planning of this session was done in accordance with scheme of work that has been produced by myself in line with AQA specification requirements. As a result of this, I have specific aims to meet in a set period of time, which does not give me much room to be creative. (Session 1 Self Evaluation Form, Individual Differences, 20/03/14). As mentioned within this quote, it is important to ensure that I am knowledgeable a bout types and methods of assessment so that I am able to complete activities and tasks that are relevant and valid for learners as well as the programme.It is also important that I ensure that all requirements of each topic within AS and A Level Psychology are met this means that it can be difficult to ensure that learners have a deeper understanding of a topic and to develop skills such as critical analysis and evaluation, but it is an area of development for me for future topics and Psychology courses The planning enabled me to meet AQA specification requirements, but it did not enable learners to discuss abnormal psychology in detail and therefore gain a deeper understanding of it. As a result of this, I will be exploring more ways in which I can do this next year. (Session 1 Self Evaluation Form, Individual Differences, 20/03/14).2.b) How you carry out and record assessments to meet interior(a) and remote processes and requirementsThere are a variety of ways in which I carry out and record assessments to meet internal and external processes and requirements. Within my organisation, our internal processes are in line with external process in terms of assessment, which provides a consistent approach and overview to how learners are assessed. For example, AQA has a mark scheme in accordance with how they mark specific elements of the Psychology Course. I have used this within activities used for assessment, such as through PSYA2 Individual Differences estimate for Learning Booklet (appendix one). This folder enables me to assess how learners are doing throughout the topic of Individual Differences, and within the arrangement of Work for this topic there are opportunities for learners to complete parts of this booklet. During Session 7 Monday 31st March, the assessment activity is to complete pages 1-8 of PSYA2 Individual Differences judgement for Learning Booklet.Each section is marked and I record learners label in my teaching and learning assessmen t folder. These marks are also evident within learners Individual Learning Plans, which are introduced at the beginning of the year for each learner, and developed partly due to education acquired throughout the DTLLS course I have had one to one sessions with all learners since Day Two DTLLS to review their individual learning plans, and this has enabled me to rule if all earners are on track, progressing, and if not, why not? As a result of this, further support for some learners has been identified and learners can see that I am keeping track of where they are and that, most importantly, I am interested in how they are doing. (DTLLS Course, Day Two Reflective Journal). However, it is clear from exploring self reflections from DTLLS Day courses and my teaching portfolio that I do not evidence how I carry out and record assessments in detail, and this is an area for development for me for future self reflections.2.c) How you communicate assessment culture to other professionals with an interest in learner achievement It is important, when conducting assessment, that it is shared with colleagues appropriately within the organisation that I work in. Through training days that are held within my organisation, I have ensured that colleagues have appropriate training given to them in regards to assessment, particularly with regards to sacramental manduction good practice and exploring how we can effectively assess our learnersWithin discussions had on assessment on this training day, we explored sharing assessment information with colleagues. Having thought about this and looking at how this is currently done within my organisation enabled me to come up with a few ideas to ensure effective communication and support for assessment within the one-sixth form. I have discussed this in more detail within my review of teaching and consider it important enough for learners progress to identify it as a development need for teaching practice. (DTLLS Course, Day Five, Reflective Journal).Through communicating assessment information to others, I have become aware of the need to do this more regularly to ensure that all relevant colleagues and professionals have up to date information regarding assessment, as well as providing support and development within assessment for all I have become more aware of communicating assessment information to colleagues and other relevant people within my organisation. Whilst we have meetings and do discuss learners progress, I feel that it would be useful to have a professional development session once a term to share good practice on assessment and learners progress and ensure the session was interactive, and that staff could share resources and assessment methods with others. (DTLLS Course, Day Five Reflective Journal). Following this, sixth form meetings now take place once every half term in which assessment is the sole agenda item. This has enabled all colleagues to place importance on assessment, and encour ages colleagues to develop assessment types, methods and practice for the benefit of the learners, as well as the sixth form as a whole.3.a) ways in which borderline loading elements can be demonstrated and applied in assessing learners in own specialist area Throughout my teaching and learning practice, I identified early on my limited knowledge of stripped-down Core. Since starting the DTLLS Course, I have had many opportunities to demonstrate and apply minimal impression in assessing learners in my own specialist area of Psychology AS and A level. I regularly show my capabilities in terms of evidencing some areas of the minimum Core, such as writing and language I felt that I demonstrated writing within the minimum core well, by presenting information on PowerPoint and through Abnormality booklet clearly, effectively, with a font surface and type that was easy to read and legible, as well as using appropriate language that was in linewith learners ability. (Session 2 and 3 Self Evaluation Form, Individual Differences, 24/03/14). The Abnormality booklet was designed to be used as an assessment activity, for learners to work through during the course, and supports the use of borderline Core and application to assessing learners.I have also been able to key out areas of development within the Minimum Core and have worked on these to ensure that learners within my classroom are benefiting from valid and up to date assessment However, it is clear that there is a lack of numeracy within my session plans, and this is an area of development for future sessions. (Session 2 and 3 Self Evaluation Form, Individual Differences, 24/03/14). Following this, I researched numeracy within the Minimum Core and how I could apply it within my teaching and learning practice, in particular to assessment One of my areas for development in previous(prenominal) sessions (Session 2 and 3 self-evaluation form Individual Differences) was to research ways to increase numeracy a s part of the minimum core. I explored ways in which I could do this. I ensured that I communicated processes within drug therapies and treatment of schizophrenia effectively, by use of video as well as practical demonstrations that I completed during this session.I also put drug treatment and treating schizophrenia into context and supporting learners to make sense of this and how it could be represented by exploring key studies, as well as analysing and evaluating drug treatment as a valid approach. This enabled learners to compile evidence, with support, and to think through processes logically to enable them to develop their learning skills. (Session 9 and 10 Self Evaluation Form, Individual Differences, 01/04/14). By using numeracy within the formative assessment activity as describe above, enabled me to effectively demonstrate use of the Minimum Core within assessment. As a result of becoming more aware of numeracy within Minimum Core, I now feel more confident to demonstrate competence of this within the learning environment and within application of assessment activities for learners I did use diagrams during this session, and this supported numeracy within the Minimum Core, as I evaluated and assessed the diagram, made decisions concerning content knowledge and skills to ensure pupils were able to understand the concept of the diagram, and selected appropriate format and style to communicate this to pupils (through use of diagram). (Session 12 to 15 Self Evaluation Form, Individual Differences, 07/04/14 and09/04/14).Due to extensive research on the Minimum Core and how to apply this within my own specialist area, I have become more competent in a variety of areas, including demonstrating competency within language and ICT As stated in previous self-evaluations, I have found it difficult to differentiate between minimum core and functional skills, and having researched this, as well as using the information gleaned from DTLLS Day 4, I am becoming more confident in doing this. For example, I can evidence personal ICT skills, personal language skills and evident knowledge about active listening within minimum core for future sessions (Lifelong Learning UK, 2007 Inclusive Learning Approaches for literacy, language, numeracy and ICT). (Session 3 and 4 Self Evaluation Form, Relationships, 24/06/14).However, I also recognise that further development is needed within this area to ensure that I am skilled, receptive and experienced with regards to Minimum Core and its application to assessment This will be an area of development for me for future sessions, as I am take over not confident in evidencing this and will need to ensure an tolerable time frame and approach to gain more knowledge and evidence this successfully. (Session 3 and 4 Self Evaluation Form, Relationships, 24/06/14).4.a) the effectualness of own assessment practice taking account of the views of learnersIt is important, when looking at assessment, to explore the ef fectiveness of my own assessment practice taking account of the views of learners. I regularly ask learners for feedback on the session that they have completed, and value their input with regards to teaching and learning I also asked the learners how they found this resource and what I could do differently next time. Learners were pleasantly surprised that I had asked them they stated that they were not used to teachers asking them for feedback and stated it made them feel valued. I resolved to ensure that I do this more regularly, as I understand the importance of learner feedback to ensure that they reach their full potential and I am able to become more successful in my teaching and learning practice. (Session 6 Self Evaluation Form, Individual Differences, 27/03/14). Input from learners on the AS and A Level Psychology Course that I run has an impact on how I complete assessment, andthe effectiveness of assessment methods used. It is clear through exploring self reflections tha t I use a variety of assessment types of methods, as supported by quotes from self reflections within this assignment.However, learner feedback on individual vs. group assessment methods showed that learners enjoyed group work as opposed to independent work on tasks or activities learners stated that they preferred working with their friends, as they were more comfortable and it enabled them to discuss the task more confidently. (Session 5 and 6 Self Evaluation Form, Relationships, 25/06/14). Whilst it is important that learners are listened to, I need to ensure that I balance this up with evidence and knowledge gained through research and support from colleagues and tutors However, it is also important to note that moving learners out of their comfort zone enables them to use skills they readiness not know they had, and give them the opportunity to grow and become just learners (The Excellence Gateway Treasury, online Available at http//tlp.excellencegateway.org.uk/tlp/xcurricula /el/ ). (Session 5 and 6 Self Evaluation Form, Relationships, 25/06/14).I also ensure that I explore the effectiveness of my own assessment practice throughout self reflections completed as part of the DTLLS Course Due to regularly assessing learners work and activities that they participate in, it is clear that learners meet objectives and progress through the course, but I need to explore different ways to assess to enable pupils to become expert learners and challenge them more (Day Five DTLLS Course). (Session 3 and 4 Self Evaluation Form, Relationships, 24/06/14). I am able to identify areas for development, as shown in the quote above, as well as areas in which I am effective with regards to assessment My observation report clearly shows that I use formative assessment during sessions, as well as informal summative assessment through the plenary from the first part of the session. This ensures that I know where my learners are at before starting the second session, so I am ab le to adapt or change any part of the session plan or resources if required to ensure all learners have grasped the concepts they are required to know before moving on. (Session 3 and 4 Self Evaluation Form, Relationships, 24/06/14).Whilst completing this DTLLS Course, it is clear that I understand the importance of assessment and its effectiveness, as well as demonstrating ways in which I can ensure that assessment iseffective within my teaching and learning practice I recognise more and more the importance of assessment, and am more aware of how I use assessment and the effectiveness of this within my session plans and on how learners learn. As stated by Gibbs (cited in Bryan, C and Klegg, K 2006. Innovative Assessment in high Education) Assessment has more impact on learning than teaching and this is something that I consider more often when constructing session plans and putting them into practice. For example, written English ensures that I have evidence of concepts that learn ers have grasped and how effectively they have managed to do so, and this feeds into future session plans. (Session 7 and 8 Self Evaluation Form, Positively Girls, 27/06/14).4.b) ways to improve own assessment practiceHaving had the opportunity to explore self reflections from DTLLS Day Courses and my teaching portfolio, I have been able to identify ways in which I can improve my own assessment practice. With regards to assessment types, I have identified initial assessment as an area of improvement within my professional practice I have since been exploring ways in which I can use initial assessment with my next cohort of learners who will start in September to identify skills of new learners, find out more about them and how I can support their needs. (DTTLS Course, Day Two Reflective Journal). It is also important to remember where and how initial assessment occurs, to ensure that learners come into an environment that is comfortable, engaging, well signposted and is inviting It helped me to think about how learners enter my learning environment- were reception congenial? Do they feel comfortable? Were people rude or accept to them?I did not put much thought into this before, I think I had focused too much on learners first impressions when they meet me and come into the learning environment. This has led to me thinking of the bigger picture and discussing with colleagues how we run sixth form induction days, open days etc (DTLLS Course, Day terzetto Reflective Journal) I could also improve my own assessment practice by diversifying with regards to types of assessment When looking at how I used assessment within this session, it is clear that I tend to use the same types of assessment observation, written English, through completion oftasks and question and answer to confirm understanding. Whilst these are all relevant assessment methods, it is important to ensure that I am creating diversity in my assessment method to ensure all learners can achieve. (S ession 3 and 4 Self Evaluation Form, Relationships, 24/06/14). Ensuring that I have a clear understanding of assessment methods and researching the variety of methods will enable me to provide variety to learners with regards to assessment.Lastly, I have found that through completing self reflections, that I am able to critically consider how I use assessment within my teaching practice and am continuously striving to develop myself with regards to this Evaluating each session during this topic is enabling me to critically consider the teaching and learning approaches I use, as well as assessment and learner involvement. This benefits not only me but the learners within my sessions, and I will strive to complete self evaluations more often to improve my teaching practice. (Session 4 and 5 Self Evaluation Form, Individual Differences, 25/03/14).ConclusionThere are many ways in which I explore assessment, and completing this critical reflection has enabled me to identify where I comp lete assessment well, such as meeting learners needs through assessment methods and types, and demonstrating competency within minimum core, as well as identifying areas for improvement, such as carrying out and recording assessment information. It is important that I continue to critically reflect on my own practice to ensure that I am applying theory gained to practice in teaching and learning, and developing myself as a practitionerReflecting on my teaching practice has enabled me to think more critically about how I meet the needs of learners, how I challenge learners but ensure that they are not overwhelmed, how I ensure I meet equality and diversity needs within the classroom, and how I assess. (Session 12 to 15 Self Evaluation Form, Individual Differences, 07/04/14 and 09/04/14). As stated by Tummons (200771) if we use our reflective practice to explore critically the assumptions and preconceptions on which we base our training and teaching practice, we can build on our under standing of learning andteaching and enhance our professional knowledge.ReferencesGravells, A (2012) Preparing To Teach In The Lifelong Learning Sector. capital of the United Kingdom Routledge. Hiller, Y (2005) Reflective Teaching in Further and Adult Education. Continuum capital of the United Kingdom. Petty, G (2009) (4th Edn) Teaching Today. London Cheltenham Nelson Thornes. Reece, I. Walker, S. (2007) (6th Edn) Teaching, training and learning A Practical Guide. Tyne and Wear Business Education Publishers Ltd. Tummons, J (2011) (3rd Edn) Assessing Learning in the Lifelong Learning Sector London Learning Matters Tummons, J. (2007) Becoming a Professional Tutor in the Lifelong Learning Sector. London Learning Matters Jones, P. (2014) Session One Individual Differences Psychopathology. debut to Psychopathology (20/03/14) Jones, P. (2014) Session Two and trine Individual Differences Psychopathology. Definitions of Abnormality (24/03/14) Jones, P. (2014) Session Four and Five Individ ual Differences Psychopathology. Failure to Function and Definitions of Abnormality (25/03/14) Jones, P. (2014) Session Six Individual Differences Psychopathology. Presentations on Definitions of Abnormality (27/03/14) Jones, P. (2014) Session Nine and x Individual Differences Psychopathology. Biological Approaches and Therapies (01/04/14) Jones, P. (2014) Session Twelve to Fifteen Individual Differences Psychopathology. Evaluation and Analysis (07/04/14 and 09/04/14). Jones, P. (2014) Positively Girls Self Evaluation Session trinity and Four Stress, Worries and Relaxation (25/06/14) Jones, P. (2014) Positively Girls Self Evaluation Session Five and Six Emotional and Physical Wellbeing (26/06/14) Jones, P. (2014) Positively Girls Self Evaluation Session Seven and Eight Friendship and Communication (27/06/14) Jones, P. (2014) Session Three and Four A Level Psychology Maintenance of Relationships Self Evaluation (24/06/14)Jones, P. (2014) Session Five and Six A Level Psychology div ision of Relationships Self Evaluation (25/06/14) Jones, P. (2014) Reflective Journal Day Two (February 2014)Jones, P. (2014) observance Journal Day Five (May 2014)Appendix One PSYA2 Individual Differences Assessment for Learning Booklet