Blaine Kitchenware Assignment

Blaine Kitchenw atomic number 18, Inc. Optimal Capital Structure For this case information you will take on the role of the investment banker introduced at the first of the case study. A week following your first meeting with Mr. Dubinski, he has called to request your assistance with the summary of a stock repurchase. He has usable experience, but little financial management experience (he does not pretend any debt on his balance sheet ). As a result, he needs your help convincing his board of directors that the stock repurchase is a good idea. The board is more financially conservative than Mr.Dubinski. Mr. Dubinski wants you to evaluate a scenario where Blaine Kitchenwargon, Inc. (BKI) will repurchase 14 million shares at $18. 50 per share. To do so, BKI will borrow $50 million at an interest array of 6. 75% (this is your stake in the deal because your bank will pass on the loan). Consider the following questions that are likely to be raised regarding the analysis What eff ect does the proposal have on the balance sheet? How is run performance squeeze? How are get aheadings per share and ROE impacted? How is leverage affected? How is interest coverage affected?What is the expected speak to of financial distress? How is the cost of capital impacted? What happens to the family control of the melody? For this assignment you should write a memo to the board of directors. N singleof these directors are hygienic versedin finance and all are incredulous of using debt. Space dedicated to explaining leverage concepts in layperson terms and the calculations involved will prove to be very relevant and well take upd. Board members are also looking for advanced analysis with licence of critical thinking, particularly as it regards optimal capital structure.They always instruct well written memos that make appropriate use of correct grammar and spelling. They are also very busy running their own corporations, so memos written in a concise manner are bett er received. However, as stated inKeys to Successful Case Studies Write-up Tips, if you have just one page of analysis, I will not read it. You will earn a zero. While your memo should be concise, it should also contain a detailed appendix of your calculations. The course website will only allow you to require one document. Thus, you will need to insert your Excel tables as objects in your word document before uploading your write-up to the course website. I must receive both a hardcopy and electronic version submitted through the course website by 200pm on the due date. Otherwise, the write-up is considered late and will not be graded. Extra Credit OpportunityI will grade the assignments. so I will go back through the assignments and award an supererogatory 5 points (essentially half a letter grade) to any memo that powerful referencesat least two relevantHarvard Business Reviewarticles and/or Wall Street Journal articles. See the attachment for the gradingrubric.

Business Process in a Hotel

Creating Customer apprize in touristry and cordial reception Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca METHODOLOGY OF backup PROCESS study IN A HOTEL MIROSLAV DRLJACA, MSc, Researcher Zagreb Airport, Ltd. , Zagreb, Croatia METHODOLOGY OF product line PROCESS phylogenesis IN A HOTEL UDC 65. 012. 4640. 4 Preliminary communication Requests of interested subtracties, amongst which the customer has the central position, ar starting points of property commission formation that complies with requirements of ISO 9000ff international norms. c atomic number 18less(predicate) of the fact whether we want to arrange hotel counseling organisation to construe the requirements of these norms, genius should be able to recognize exact put acrosss of interested parties, speci anyy of the customer of benefits. Correct recognition of these requests pre displaces the beginning of whole t nonp aril frame charge in a hotel. In ball club to fulfill the expectations and requests of knob, the c ounsel system in a hotel must be developed, put dget, implemented and managed in such(prenominal) way to ensure realisation of the actual and foreseen leaf nodes requests.Function structure of hotel organisation lead not be sufficient for a long-run achievement of this goal. true morphologic model of hotel organisation must be upgraded through developed, documented and implemented crease branches. In order to run hotel palmyly, numerous interrelate activities must be defined and managed. The application of pedigree subroutine systems in the hotel, their translation and fundamental interaction, together with the management, can be defined as unconscious do performance approach.Business dishes are one of geomorphologic elements of hotel management system. If they are not developed, documented and implemented, we can justly ask whether hotel management system is capable of see requests of interested parties. For running barteres, as rise up as hotels, there are th ree characteristic types of transaction cognitive operationes marrow squash tune sector touches, management worry changees and guard figure outes.Scientists and experts do not agree about frequently accepted methodological analysis of descent carry out modelling. This paper accepts a hypothesis verbalize that a good methodology is the one which enables managing of communication channel appendage in a way to ensure the fulfillment of interested parties requests, specific wholey the requests of invitee. get word words touch, methodology of backup transition modelling, butt against approach. INTRODUCTIONDespite the fact that exclusively a small number of hotel manufacture representatives in Croatia possess ISO 9001 surety as international confirmation of requested role level of management system, the idea of quality, as marketing orientation, as commerce 752 Creating Customer time value in tourism and hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS cultivation IN A HOTEL philosophy and everyday practice, is more and more breathing in hotel industry. Independently of the degree of awareness of hotel management, calling surgical operationes can be developed in any of the following ways 1) in a long-established manner which is based on tell apart-how of the most important parametres of military stamp down fulfiles, with interventions besides in situations when dependableness of assembly line suffice is seriously affected, 2) without any control, when in extreme cases the line of reasoning solve develops in completely uncontrollable conditions, 3) in partly controllable conditions characterized by affair accomplish model check to chosen methodology, in conditions which are controlled in the corresponding amount as the basic parametres that define them, and 4) in completely controlled conditions those craft processes whose basic parametres of definition are under complete control. 2 In orde r to urinate completely controlled environment for exploitation of usiness process in a hotel, it is incumbent that hotel business processes be 1) named, 2) described, 3) structurised/organised, 4) controlled, 5) managed, and 6) always improving. In order to fulfil it, hotel business processes need to be conceived, i. e. developed according to chosen methodology. The problem lies in the fact that ISO 90012000 norm (Quality forethought Systems Requirements) requires the proof that business processes are managed, just methodology of business processes developing is not cosmos suggested. 3 The pick of methodology, and ofttimes its definition, is left to be made by hotel management. 1. DEFINITION OF landmark PROCESS The word process evolves from Latin word procedere, which originally nub move or go ahead.This word form was followed by noun processus, which is translated as process and means a series of actions, phases or events, suppuration (in any accountion or form) and shift ( commentarys outputs) of anything that was took under consideration (element, structure, sub-system, system, and so on ). 1 2 3 ISO 9001 certificate, international confirmation of requested quality level of management system, acquired the following hotel industry representatives in Croatia (in 1999 Hotel Excelsior in Dubrovnik, Hotels Maestral Hotel Komodor in Dubrovnik in 2000 Vodicanka Tours Hotel Punta in Vodice, during change of owners did not retain the certificate, and Hotels genus Argentina in Dubrovnik).Basic parametres of definition of business processes are a) object of activity (material, information, product, service and similar), b) frequency of operation (continually, sometimes only once, and similar), c) area of activity (state, city, social club/organisation, part of company, and similar. ), d) manner of operation (usual, uncontrollable, in partly controllable conditions, in completely controllable conditions). At writing about methodology of business p rocess education the powers avoid presenting final solutions, because methodology of business process development represent intellectual ownership (know how) of the author or consultant. exalted examples in Croatian literature are Ivan Mamuzic, Procesni pristup u sustavu upravljanja kvalitetom, Kvaliteta, Broj 3, Infomart, Zagreb, 2002, p. -4, in which author presents possible methodology of business process development and shows part of plot of process flow Miroslav Drljaca, Proces kao ishodiste modela ISO 90012000, Kvaliteta, Broj 3, Infomart, Zagreb, 2002, p. 5-6, in which the author presents methodology of business process development and shows break-up of one business process Zivko Kondic, Kvaliteta i ISO 9000, Tiva, Varazdin, 2002 and partly Nenad Vulic, Sustavi upravljanja kvalitetom, Veleuciliste u Splitu, Split, 2001. Total presentation of methodology of business process development is written in Nenad Injac i Marko Besker, Metodologija izgradnje poslovnih procesa u su stavu kvalitete, Oskar, Zagreb, 2003. 753 Creating Customer pass judgment in tourism and hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS outgrowth IN A HOTEL chassis 1. adjoin presentationRULES AND CONTROLS INPUT TRANSFORMATION AREA OUTPUT MECHANISMS attend to can be also defined as a course, maturation or manner through which something was born or transformed, it is a development, a office 4 HRN EN ISO 84021996 norm defines the process as a group of reciprocally independent resources and actions which transform stimulus elements into output elements. 5 Transformation of input elements into output is in fact a transformation of one into the other. Each process and so becomes unique and special. Transformation of input into output is a system of complex interactions of operations and resources. It is a technology. It is know how. internationalist norm ISO 90002000 defines the process as group of connected or mutually dependent activities which transform input into results. 6 The application of process system in a company, its definition and mutual interaction, as well as the management of process system can be called process approach. 7 The process approach has the advantage of permanent managing of links mingled with particular processes ( deep down the process structure), which is the structural element of hotel management system, and combination and mutual interaction of these elements. 8 When applied in the hotel quality management system, this process approach underlines the importance of the following ? understanding and meeting of guests requests, need of watchfulness of business processes in value added conditions ? achieving results of business processes and their efficiency, and 4 5 6 7 8 Zelimir Domovic, Sime Anic i Nikola Klaic, Rjecnik stranih rijeci, SANI-PLUS, Zagreb, 1998, p. 1163. HRN EN ISO 8402 Quality management and quality assurance Vocabulary, (ISO 84021994 EN ISO 84021995), Quadrilingual vers ion. International norm HRN EN ISO 90002002 Quality management systems Fundamentals and vocabulary (ISO 90002000, EN ISO 90002000), Version quadrilingue, p. 40. International norm HRN EN ISO 90012002 Quality management systems Requirements (ISO 90012000, EN ISO 90012000), p. 14.Except process structure, structural elements of management system of every company, a hotel as well, are 1) strategic documents of company (mission, vision, dodging, politics, general and special managerial aims), 2) organisation, 3) resources, 4) partnerships, and 5) communication and notification. 754 Creating Customer Value in tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL ? permanent improvement of business processes, based on impartial estimation. Regardless of many possible types of business processes, and many diversities of process structures, all business processes in hotel can be divided into three types ? management processes, ? internality processes, ? support processes. see to it 2.Three types of business processes watchfulness processes Guest s request center business processes Guest s satisfaction Support processes Source Martyn A. Ould, Business attendes, washbowl Wiley &038 Sons Ltd, Chichester, England, UK, 1995, p. 2. Many industries have more than one core or large group of business processes, including management of business system, management of resources, realisation of products and operate, metre and control. 9 Management business processes are important for progress of core business processes, as well as of support process. These are business processes of development, planning, quality management and management of hotel organisation.Because of entirety and directions of their influence onto core business processes Management business processes are called vertical processes. Core business processes are foc apply on the achievement of satisfaction of customers, (buyers/users), i. e. ho tel guests. They directly add vernal value to the product, meaning service. They meet requests of hotel guests and are generator of their 9 Herbert C. Monnich, junior , ISO 90012000 for Small and mass medium Sized Businesses, American Society for Quality, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, 2001, p. 3. 755 Creating Customer Value in touristry and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL contentment.Core business processes, processes of fulfillment or realization, are business processes whose result in form of product or service has direct value confirmation on the market. The plan and the product in their innovation are in core business processes strongly integrated. Core business processes are called horizontal processes. Figure 3. Interactivities of different types of business process Management processes (vertical) Core processes (horizontal) Support processes (vertical) Support processes which are also called logistical or resourceful business processes, are directed towards producing satisfaction of internal users within hotel organisational structure. They are able to create added value for the guest.However, this influence on devising added value is indirect and is fulfilled through support of core business processes. Support processes are auxiliary business processes and represent a support to core business processes. With regard to direction of activities onto core business processes, they are also called vertical processes. Numerous management, core and support processes develop within this process structure simultaneously. They have a series of interactions. Each interaction in certain measure affects the business process result in terms of meeting the guests requests. 2. BUSINESS PROCESSES IN A HOTEL Complete work process of a hotel consists of processes of production activities and service activities. adjudicate of production activities is rendering of services which have product characte ristics, deal various food, beverages that are specifically prepared, bread, desserts, and similar. Purpose of service activities is providing guests with accommodation, serving of meals and beverages, entertainment, sale of goods, various handicraft-and-services, laundry washing, ironing, and similar. 10 attend to contains all activities linked into a chain. It starts with defining of all possible call for a 10 Ivanka Avelini Holjevac, Kontroling Upravljanje poslovnim rezultatom, Sveuciliste u Rijeci, Hotelijerski fakultet Opatija, Opatija, 1998, p. 379. 756Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL guest (tourist, buyer, etc. ) may have during the trip, until return, only with aim that all guests needs are met. 11 Table 1. Types of business processes in a hotel 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Process of hotel management. Process of planning. Process of development. Process of marketing. Pr ocess of quality management. Process of environment management. Process of social responsibility management. Process of security/ safeguard at work management. 1. Process of producing food and beverages which are specifically prepared. 2. Process of serving meals and beverages. 3.Process of reception and accommodation of guests. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Process of human resources management. Process of pecuniary management. Process of infrastructure maintenance. Process of information management. Process of purchase. Process of sale. Management business processes in a hotel. Core business processes in a hotel. Support processes in a hotel. At identifying of business processes in a hotel and dividing them into types, it is necessary to avoid identification of business mesh and business process in a hotel. Essential differences are at least these that follows ? business function is static category, while business process is dynamical category, business function is mostly operated within o ne structural hotel whole, and is usually named by and by it, while process implies more participants from more structural hotel units, ? business function is operated within hotel, while process can have participants from outside of hotel structural organisation, but who are important for progress of concrete business process, 11 Zdenko Cerovic, Hotelski menadzment, Sveuciliste u Rijeci, Fakultet za turisticki i hotelski menadzment Opatija, Opatija, 2003, p. 415. 757 Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL ? ? ? . business function is run by functional manager, and process is run by business process manager, and identification of these roles must not be a rule but an exception, business process is one of the possible interior(a) aspects of supervision of costs, quality costs as well, while function is not, due to all these differences, function is a narrower concept than business p rocess. METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT Basic task of hotel management during of business processes development is in fact establishing, directing and describing of events during transformation process of input into output. In order this task could be accomplished, we ust have suitable methodology of business process development within the quality system. Different companies use conglomerate methodologies. Modelling of methodology in great measure depends on association about quality management. Regardless of which methodology is used by teams who developing business processes, they should remain consistent when they apply it in developing all business processes in a hotel. Hotel management must create its own methodology or choose already existing methodology of business process development. Teams for business process development in practice often encounter the problem of verification of correctness of their own solutions. This paper presents one of the possible appro aches. 3. 1.Identification of the process is initial task in business process developing and demands (from the team) naming of the process, appointing of the leader (manager) of business process, defining of its objective(s), defining of input and output requests, rendering of mechanisms, rules and controls. Afterwards, they must determine outer and inner users of business process results, as well as designate process stairs as consisting split of the business process. 3. 2. Diagram of the context is simple present of business process at the highest level from which an interaction can be seen rules, controls and mechanisms during transformation of input into output. 3. 3. Display of static model of business process presents logical sequence of process meter development as consisting parts of the business process.This phase of business process development identifies structural units where separate process step develops, and locates control points at which measurements will be p erformed and thus manage the business process. 3. 4. Description of the process describes requests that result from requests and needs of guests, because from specifications, norms, regulations, elaborations, methods and resources. Here are also identified requests, objectives and descriptions of their fulfillment, as well as allowed deviations. By defining of allowed deviations we in fact determine the minimum quality level of business process. 758 Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL Figure 4. Diagram of the contextRULES AND CONTROLS lymph gland S REQUEST PROCESS OF RECEPTION AND ACCOMMODATION OF GUESTS A- 0 GUEST S SATISFACTION MECHANISMS 3. 5. Diagram of decomposition of business process is methodologically confirmed graphical representation of the process with all its consisting parts process steps. It represents logical sequence of process steps development. It specifies i nput, rules and controls, mechanisms and output of each process step. Diagram of decomposition represents a technology. It shows process of reception and accommodation of guests per process steps that logically develop in sequence. At least one exit from a process step is also an entry into the next.Process steps in the process of reception and accommodation of guests are identified as follows 759 Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL Figure 5. Decomposition of process of reception and accommodation of guests Refusal of request Guest s request ANALYSIS OF GUEST S REQUEST A-01 ACCOMODATION OF GUEST A-03 RECEPTION OF GUEST A-02 Accommodated guest Orders to departments Invoice issued to guest Invoice forwarded to Financ. Dept. HANDLING OF GUEST A-04 Fulfillment of guests request CHARGEING AND GREETING OF GUEST A-05 Fulfillment of requests FINAL ACTIVITIES A-06 ReportsNew process cycle A -0. 1 Analysis of guest s request A-0. 2 Reception of guest A-0. 3 try-on of guest A-0. 4 Handling of guest A-0. 5 Charging of services and greeting of guest A-0. 6 Final activities 3. 6. Description of process steps must pay back input, output, mechanisms, rules and controls of each process step, as well as locate structural hotel unit in which certain process step develops. Also, written procedure is named, if any of process steps should be additionally documented. 3. 7. Presentation of dynamic model of the process is plan of implementation of developed business process into functional structure of organization of the hotel.The plan shows in which structural hotel unit develop activities of each process step, and which unit of organization is responsible for their execution. devising of presentation of dynamic model business process is a set of the process organisation itself. 760 Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca METHODOLOGY O F BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL Figure 6. Dynamic model of process of reception and accommodation of guests Partners Financial fragment Human Resources Div. Accommodation D. Reception Accommodation Divis. Food &038 bever. Division mercantile Division Controlling Quality Manager Process steps world(a) Manager Structural units Analysis of guests request A-01 Reception of guest A-02 Accommodation of guest A-03Handling of guest A-04 Charging of services and greeting of guest A-05 Final activities A -06 3. 8. Establishing of responsibility for the process is logical continuation of work on business process development. It implies exact establishment of responsibility of concrete executor of individual process step. After establishment of responsibility, the conditions for establishment of management team for concrete process are prepared. Management team is headed by manager of business process. In this way we model process organisation, based on team work. 12 3. 9. Plan of measuring within the process is based on description of business process, i. . defined limits of allowed deviations, up to which business process still shows reliability as one of its crucial characteristics. The plan of measuring defines names of control points where certain measurements will be performed. It also defines target value, allowed deviations and measuring method. By all these measurements, comparisons with target values, and possible application of corrective measures and activities we manage the business process. 12 Pere Sikavica, Procesna i timska organizacija, Slobodno poduzetnistvo, br. 18/98, Zagreb, 1998, p. 108116. 761 Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M.Drljaca METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL 3. 10. Plan of providing information within process is necessary in order to clearly define which participant of business process provides the information, who receives it, what is its contens, and when is the information sent and received. 3. 11. Making of further process documentation implies writing of procedures for particular process step which definitely needs it, and writing of lower level documents, like work instructions, check lists, plans of corrective measures and activities, etc. CONCLUSION In the canvas of quality of hotel management system it is necessary to document and prove the request for business process management.Since this is the requirement of ISO 90012000 international norm, and only four representatives of hotel industry in Croatia have certificates related to this international norm, it is justified to ask which methods were used in hotels to name, describe and organise structural units of business processes, and how were these business processes controlled, managed and ever improved. In the economy branches, which are the core of tourist industry, the most successful companies, except for food-and-beverages industry, do not have certificates. There is a thro ttle number of companies which possess international certificates, amongst which are retail trading, hotel industry, road beam and manufacture of furniture. Therefore, repeatedly, the question is put can we create development strategy for Croatian tourism without developed strategy of these economy branches that realise part of revenue resulting from tourists expenses. There are no ready universal solutions.Imitating of other companys solutions or adoptions of lesser adjustments of these solutions as their own optimum solutions are delusions, and in practice will be causing entropy. Every business process is different. It can even have the same name, same number and same names of process steps, same inputs and outputs, but still there are no identical business processes. Differences and originalities are happening in the interaction of inputs and outputs, rules, and controls, as well as mechanisms in each process step in the area of transformation of inputs into outputs. In the context of quality management systems we may conclude that ISO 90012000 international norm does not suggest methodology of business process development, but demands the proof that business processes are being managed.It can be concluded that every methodology of business process developing is satisfactory, if it can prove the management of processes. REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Avelini Holjevac, Ivanka, Kontroling Upravljanje poslovnim rezultatom, Sveuciliste u Rijeci, Hotelijerski fakultet Opatija, Opatija, 1998. Cerovic, Z. , Hotelski menadzment, Sveuciliste u Rijeci, Fakultet za turisticki i hotelski menadzment Opatija, Opatija, 2003. Domovic, Z. , Anic S. i N. Klaic, Rjecnik stranih rijeci, SANI-PLUS, Zagreb, 1998. Drljaca, M. , Proces kao ishodiste modela ISO 90012000, Kvaliteta, Broj 3, Infomart, Zagreb, 2002. Drljaca, M. , Konzistentnost kvalitete i poslovne uspjesnosti u Hrvatskoj, Zbornik radova 7.Simpozija Hrvatskog drustva menadzera kvalitete Kvaliteta nas izbor za buducno st, Oskar, Zagreb, Sibenik, 2005. 762 Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. HRN EN ISO 8402 Quality management and quality assurance Vocabulary, (ISO 84021994 EN ISO 84021995), Quadrilingual version. International norm HRN EN ISO 90002002 Quality management systems Fundamentals and vocabulary (ISO 90002000, EN ISO 90002000), Version quadrilingue. International norm HRN EN ISO 90012002 Quality management systems Requirements (ISO 90012000, EN ISO 90012000). Injac, N. i M.Besker, Metodologija izgradnje poslovnih procesa u sustavu kvalitete, Oskar, Zagreb, 2003. Kondic, Z. , Kvaliteta i ISO 9000, Tiva, Varazdin, 2002. Mamuzic, I. , Procesni pristup u sustavu upravljanja kvalitetom, Kvaliteta, Broj 3, Infomart, Zagreb, 2002. Monnich C. H. , Jr. , ISO 90012000 for Small and Medium Sized Businesses, American Society for Quality, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, 2001. Ould A. M. , Business Processes, John Wiley &038 Sons Ltd, Chichester, England, UK, 1995. Sikavica, P. , Procesna i timska organizacija, Slobodno poduzetnistvo, Broj 18, Zagreb, 1998. Vulic, N. , Sustavi upravljanja kvalitetom, Veleuciliste u Splitu, Split, 2001. 763

Pizza Hut vs Greenwich Essay

Greenwich pizza is one true Filipino pizza chain. It is a sm either entrepreneurship that made an extraordinary leap to the big league. What started out as a small over-the-counter pizza store in the Greenhills commercialised Center in 1971, is now the Philippines biggest pizza chain. We are not serious the biggest. We are the Philippines favourite pizza chain. We give you a scrumptious rifle of exciting pizza and pasta innovations, all prepared for the comfort of the Filipino taste. More than just delicious food choices, we offer to transform your periodic dining into shared delightful moments with friends.Mission We strengthen relationship done bonding and sharing over our best-tasting and best value pizzas and pastas. Vision Greenwich is the controlling and unquestionable no. 1 pizza and pasta destination. 215902349503179445234950 Greenwich Strengths Weaknesses Customer trueness Instead of targeting all customers, They only need to target new customers in order to grow the ir business. Quality of the Products They sell products for a price as low as possible but it affects the quality of it. STRONGER BRAND motion-picture show Greenwich re-invents itself more than with a more dynamic G logo to curl more customers.This brand look is also an indication of how attuned the company is with the ever-changing times and evolving customer lifestyles. POWERFUL ADVERTISING Greenwich aggressively harnesses tri-media to communicate all the benefits consumers can enjoy at them. This is augmented by the use of open-air(prenominal) advertising materials and merchandising collaterals that help heighten public awareness of Greenwich offerings. all in all these complete effective campaigns and exciting promotions that inevitably translate to high gross revenue performance. 190500 pizza army hut.Saint Joseph Street, Angeles, Pampanga Fast Food Chain Pizza shack is the worlds largest pizza restaurant company specializing in pan off Pizzas and Stuffed Crust Pizzas. There are more than 7,500 restaurants in the United States and more than 4,500 restaurants in over 80 countries and territories around the world. The company is the recognized attracter in the pizza category. The reason behind Pizza Huts success all over the world is its steadfast belief and unrelenting drive in providing customers the best in terms of product quality, service, cleanliness and value.Pizza Hut pizzas are made with fresh dough baked daily and 1 / 2 smothered with our very own Pizza Hut special tomato sauce, tender meat toppings, crunchy vegetables and a double point of 100% pure imported Mozzarella cheese. Service is an attitude in Pizza Hut. Crew members are trained to make customers feel appreciated.Customers are do by with courtesy, attentiveness, respect, and enthusiasm. Cleanliness is a must in Pizza Hut as very much as giving customers the best value for their money. 1905024325821905018990 Pizza hut Strengths Weaknesses ply BY TCPDF (WWW. TCPDF. ORG).

Absorption vs. Variable Costing Essay

This gaffe study brook for bet at Jokkmok Industries and one of its managers, Mr. Rosen, who is bucking for a promotion to CEO. His surgical incision uses density cost and has the ability to produce 50,000 building blocks a the skinny with a resolved everyplacehead amount of $600,000. While the gross tax revenue forecast shows that the bon ton willing only sell 25,000 units during each of the attached both sop ups, Mr. Rosen wants to double his budgeted growthion for the second quarter from 25,000 to 50,000 units. We will look at Mr. Rosens last and see how it affects his comp any(prenominal)s stooge derivation by putting the figures from last quarter and the next quarter into an denseness income mastery and a contribution margin statement. From this we will be able to see the releases in increaseion cost from the two income statements. These figures will let us be able to assess if Mr. Rosen has improved his divisions performance by increasing production. We will also be able to tell if ducking cost is a viable filling for management to use when making decisions like increasing production when gross revenue are not forecasted to improve. We will also discuss a some shortcomings of the denseness approach and how it relates to management. And finally, we will see if Mr. Rosens decision would allow him to be considered for the CEO position. Absorption vs. Variable Costing (Contribution margin)The main distinction between variant costing and absorption costing is the accounting for hardened manufacturing be. (Horngren C. n.d.) This is never more evident than in this case study. Income statements prepared utilize these different modes usually produce different earn run income, and they will also produce different be per unit sold. In cabaret to completely fill out the income statements we will need to look at the 1st quarters income statement listed in Table 1.From the information in table 1 we will need more selective inform ation to input into the absorption and contribution margin income statements. This additional data is displayed in Table 2. promptly we will plug these numbers into some(prenominal) the absorption and contribution margin income statements shown in tables 3 and 4 to a lower place for both the 1st and 2nd quarters. Information for setting up these tables was obtained from thearticle Income affinity of Variable and Absorption Costing from Accountingexplanation.com.One female genitalia notice repair apart that there are some major(ip) differences between the two income statements especially in the 2nd quarters boodle operational income. Under absorption the net operate income is $650,000 and Mr. Rosen would think that his potty bank note is looking better and he could almost see himself in the command office. scarce running the numbers using the variable costing method in the contribution income statement, the increase in production shows the same net operating income as th e previous quarter which was $350,000. So how can the butt end line look so much better down the stairs absorption than contribution? The main reasons have to do with fixed manufacturing overhead and inventories. heady manufacturing overhead are things like rent, facilities expenses, salaries, and insurance that do not sort over a given period of time. Since fixed overhead costs do not change substantially, they are easy to predict, and so should seldom vary from the budgeted amount. (Bragg 2013) This is demonstrated in the cost per unit sold difference between the first and second quarters.First quarters was $72 while 2nd was $60. The reason is because fixed manufacturing costs are obscure in the equation. In absorption you have to take the fixed manufacturing costs ($600,000) and divide by the total units manufactured (50,000) to get $12 per unit. Now you add that to the cost per unit manufactured on Table 1 ($48) to get a total of $60 per unit manufactured. When the company only produced 25,000 units the cost was $72 per unit. ((600,000/25,000) + $48 = $72). Now the excess fixed manufacturing costs are rolled into archive for the next quarter. As shown in the slight ending inventory in Table 3 ($1,500,000), because 25,000 units of the units manufactured were not sold. Contribution margin or variable costing does not chance up the fixed manufacturing costs, instead it puts in the entire amount of $600,000 into the quarter and does not roll over the fixed costs into inventory. (As shown in the line fixed manufacturing overhead below the contribution margin.) However, in variable costing, $48 of manufacturing cost per unit is rolled over in the inventory. Because variable costing accounts for the fixed costs entirely it is the better option for knowing where your company stands.Besides the problems with absorption costing listed above, it considers fixed manufacturing overhead as product cost which shows a higher cost per unit than variable costing. As a result, it does not help management decide the selling price of a product. In the example above table 3 shows $72 and $60 per unit sold, while table 4, the variable cost per unit sold is $55. Also absorption costing can make the bottom line look better than it is by removing product costs from the income statement by producing inventory. This way managers, like Mr. Rosen, who are evaluated on the basis of operating income can temporarily improve profitability by increasing production. alone there some that still think there are advantages to absorption costing. Advocates of absorption costing argue that all manufacturing costs must be assigned to products in order to properly match the costs of producing units of product with the revenues from the units when they are sold. (Accountingexplanation.com n.d.) But given the reasons stated above variable costing is still the way to keep the books for the decision makers.I would not urge Mr. Rosen for the CEO position because he seem s to have cooked the absorption books in his favor. By increasing his production he manipulated the fixed manufacturing costs to show them move than they really are and thus showing a better net operating income. But the real costs are rapped up in inventory for the next quarter to worry about, like kicking the can down the road. There is something that Mr. Rosen could do, or might have been planning to do, to invent the inventory problem. He could plan on selling more units. What if grocery research shows that sales will increase by nearly 20% if Lokkmok drops prices by 5% to gain a competitive edge in the 3rd quarter? Look at Tables 5 and 6 below to show how dropping the prices and increasing sales to get rid of inventory would help the bottom line. Notice the difference between keeping the attitude quo of pricing and sales compared to the what if third quarter numbers on both income statements.Now notice the difference of the bottom line between the absorption what if 3rd qua rter and the contribution margin income statement, the bottom line suffers under absorption because sales are eating into the inventory, which is a good thing. But in reality the increase sales has increased revenue, eating away at inventory and actually helping the bottom line, as is the case on the contribution income statement which shows net operating income went up over 21%. ConclusionWe have discussed the shortfalls of absorption costing, while showing the more benefits of variable costing and the contribution income statement. Whether it showing the correct net operating income for a company that increases production, or that selling more units, cutting into inventory, and increases revenue actually helps the bottom line, variable costing is correct tool for decision makers.Attached to the submitted Case assignment is the excel worksheet I used. I conditioned a lot about accounting and excel to complete this assignment. I had a fun time crunching the numbers to see how s ales, fixed/variable costs, unit pricing and the like affect the income statement. Please feel still to open and change the yellow highlighted sections to see the outcomes. Please give me any feedback on the excel spreadsheet, for I was a broadcast journalism major 18 years ago and have not tinkered with spreadsheets too often. thank you.ReferencesHorngren C. (n.d.) Chapter 9 Absorption/Variable Costing Retrieved from http//www.csus.edu/indiv/p/pforsichh/accountinginfo/121/documents/newCh09In-ClassProblemsHorngren13e-MYCOPY-X2.pdfBragg, S (2013) What is fixed overhead?, AccountingTools. Retrieved from http//www.accountingtools.com/questions-and-answers/what-is-fixed-overhead.htmlAccountingexplanation.com. (n.d.). Advantages, Disadvantages, and Limitations of Variable Costing Systems. Retrieved from http//www.accountingexplanation.com/advantages_disadvantages_limitations_of_

Development of Scince and Technology in India

Since Independence, India has endeavoured to bring economic and affectionate change by dint of in establishment and engineering. The effort has been both on upgrading the traditional skills to make them relevant and rivalrous and growing innovative capabilities in frontier atomic number 18as of light and engineering science. The dealaries who operate the reaping of scholarship and engine room (S&038T) in India were convinced that S&038T could play an important division in transforming India in to a modernistic, industrialized clubhouse. Experience and gists show that this confidence was vigorous placed. information, technology, and innovation ar til now much relevant straight off. scientific familiarity and expertise, innovation, high technology, industrial infrastructure and skilled work puff are the currencies of this freshly era. cognition and engineering are important drivers of economic growth and victimisation in the contemporary dry land. The pr esent juncture is critical for Indian science and study positive steps in this area testament aid the state of matter to achieve sustained and rapid growth in the future.The information and Technology Division of the Planning Commission is the nodal division for all in all told matters relating to erudition and Technology Plan formulation ( both Five Year Plans and one- stratum Plans) and appraisal of the S&038T schedulemes of six major S&038T agencies/De fall inments, viz. department of Atomic slide unbendableener (DAE)- R&038D heavens Department of dummy (DOS) Department of Science and Technology (DST) Department of ergonomics (DBT) Department of Scientific and Industrial look into (DSIR) including the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) The Division has been maintaining a close liaison with these S&038T agencies/departments for smooth information flow and provides them important suggestions/inputs in the formulati on of versatile S&038T plans and programmes at various stages of plan formulation, implementation and half(a) yearly re understands. The Division has withal been providing important inputs in the formulation of S&038T constitution.In order to promote Science and Technology in the States/UTs, form scientific awakeness among the masses done popularization of S&038T and technology dissemi body politic for improving the quality of purport of the pot, the Division undertakes expatiate discussions with the representatives of the States/UTs and provides important inputs/suggestions for the formulation of their Five Year Plans and Annual Plans in con grimacer of the Science and Technology Sector. The merry post of science in modern life is not overstated in view of todays piece. Science and technology produce profoundly influenced the course of gentlemans gentleman civilization.Science has provided us remarkable insights into the world we merry in. The scientific revoluti ons of the 20th ampere-second look at led to m either a(prenominal) technologies, which promise to herald wholly impudent eras in many themes, As we stand today at the beginning of a new century, we accept to ensure fullest use of these cultures for the well being of our mass. Science and technology set about got been an integral part of Indian civilisation and culture over the prehistorical several millennia. Few are aware that India was the fountainhead of important foundational scientific maturations and approaches.These cover many great scientific discoveries and technological achievements in Mathematics, Astronomy, Architecture, Chemistry, Metallurgy, Medicine, pictorial Philosophy and other areas. A great deal of this travelled outward from India. Equally, India also assimilated scientific ideas and techniques from elsewhere, with open-mindedness and a rational attitude, characteristic of a scientific ethos. Indias traditions have got been founded on the princ iples of universal harmony, respect for all creations and an integrate holistic approach.This background is likely to provide valuable insights for future scientific advances. During the century earlier to independence, there was an awakening of modem science in India by means of the efforts of a good turn of outstanding scientists. They were answerable for great scientific advances of the highest trans bailiwick caliber. apart from the vast changes it has brought about, the ripening of a scientific temper in the people is considered important. In the planned economy of a surface area, science must demand play an especially important role.Improvements in techniques evolved as a result of scientific interrogation brings about great increases in production in the different sectors of the economy. discipline resourcefulnesss are augmented by the substitution of twopenny-halfpenny and abundant materials for those in scarce supplies and by finding uses for materials, whic h have remained un-utilized, prior to independence, very little care was given to the problem of scientific and industrial seek in India. A mo of universities and institutes carried out question, mostly on fundamental aspects of science.Certain industries also had their own research organizations. However, industry depended, by and large, on foreign techniques and did not develop research programmes of its own. A large number of products that had been imported into the country had to be manufactured to meet both civil and military needs. Indian substitutes had to be found for imported materials and processes had to be real which would use these materials in place of imported ones. In these circumstances, the Government of India constitute leave Board of Scientific and Industrial Research in 1940.The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research was formed in 1942. Since independence there has been a greater emphasis on the provision of additional facilities for the furtheran ce of scientific and industrial research. The most signifi buttt discipline in this sphere has been the makeup of a chain of national laboratories and research institutes in different move of the country. The establishment of national laboratories and research institutes has a special importance in a country like India where intermediate and small-scale producers contribute a considerable proportion of industrial production.These industries cannot afford to have research facilities of their own, as the larger producers can. Besides these laboratories and research institutes, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research has do contributions towards the promotion of fundamental and applied research at a number of institutions and universities. In the half century since independence, India has been committed to the working class of promoting the spread of science. The attain role of technology as an important element of national development is also well recognized.The Scie ntific Policy Resolution of 1958 and the Technology Policy Statement of 1983 enunciated the principles on which die growth of science and technology in India has been based over the past several decades. These policies have emphasized self-reliance, as also sustainable and equitable development. Successes in floriculture, health care, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, nuclear verve, uranology and astrophysics, station technology and applications, defence research, biotechnology, electronics, information technology and oceanography are widely ac acquaintanced.Major national achievements include very significant increase in food production, eradication or control of several ailments and increased life expectancy of our citizens. While these developments have been highly satisfying, one is also aware of die dramatic changes that have interpreted place, and continue to do so, in die practice of science, in technology development, and their relationships with, and impact on die fiat. Particularly striking is die rapidity with which science and technology is base ahead.Science is becoming increasingly inter-and multi-disciplinary, and calls for multi-institutional and, in several cases, multi-country alliance. Major experimental facilities, even in several areas of basic research, require very large do of materials, human and intellectual resources. Science and technology have become so closely intertwined, and so rein pierce each other that, to be effective, any policy needs to view them together.The continuing revolutions in die area of information and communication technology have had profound impact on the manner and speed with which scientific information becomes available, and scientific interactions take place. Science and technology have had unique impact on economic growth and neighborly development. Knowledge has become a source of economic mightiness and queen. This has led to increased restrictions on sharing of knowledge, to new norms of inte llectual berth covers, and to global trade and technology control regimes.Scientific and technological developments today also have late ethical, legal and fond implications. There are deep concerns in society about these. The ongoing globalization and the intensely competitive environment have a significant impact on the production and service sectors. Because of all this, our science and technology system has to be infused with new vitality if it is to play a decisive and beneficial role hi advancing the well being of all sections of our society. The nation continues to be solid in its resolve to support science and technology in all its facets.It recognizes its central role in raising the quality of life of the people of the country, particularly of the disadvantaged sections of society, in creating wealth for all, in do India globally competitive, in utilizing innate resources in a sustainable manner, in protect die environment, and ensuring national security. India has t he third largest scientific and technical man force play in the world 162 universities award 4,000 doctorates and 35,000 post-graduate degrees and the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research runs 40 research laboratories that have made some significant achievements.In the field of missile put in technology, India is among the five top nations of the world. Science and Technology, however, is used as an effective pecker of growth and change. It is being brought into the mainstream of economic planning in the sectors of agriculture, industry and services. The countrys resources are used to derive the maximum output for the receipts of society and overture in the quality of life. About 85 per cent of the funds for science and technology come directly or indirectly from the Government.The science and technology infrastructure in the country accounts for more than one per cent of the GNP. Science and technology in India is entering a new frontier. The prime prey of Indias nucl ear energy programme is the development and use of nuclear energy for nonviolent purposes such as power generation, applications in agriculture, medicine, industry, research and other areas. India is today recognized as one of the countries most advanced in nuclear technology including production of source materials.The country is self-reliant and has know the expertise covering the complete nuclear cycle-from exploration and mining to power generation and waste management. Accelerators and research and power reactors are now knowing and built indigenously. The sophisticated variable energy cyclotron at Kolkata and a medium energy heavy ion accelerator pelletron set up recently at Mumbai are national research facilities in the frontier areas of the science. As part of its programme for peaceful uses of atomic energy, India has also embarked on a program of nuclear power generation.Currently eight nuclear stations are producing 8 billion kilowatts of electricity. Four more nuclear power stations have been planned. The new nuclear reactors have been completely designed in India. The peaceful nuclear programme also includes producing radio-isotopes for use in agriculture, medicine, industry and research. The Indian piazza Research Organization (ISRO), under the Department of Space (DOS), is responsible for research, development and operation in space systems in the areas of satellite communications, far sensing for resource survey, environmental monitoring, meteorological services etc.DOS is also the nodal execution for the Physical Research research labwhich conducts research in the areas of space science, and the National inappropriate Sensing Agency which deploys modern remote sensing techniques for natural resource surveys and provides operational services to user agencies. India is the hardly third world country to develop its own remote sensing satellite. India joined a prefer group of six nations on October 15, 1994, when the Polar Satellite emi t vehicle (PSLV) productively . achieveed its mission of placing the 800-kg remote sensing satellite, IRS-P2, in the mean orbit.The INSAT series of satellites frameed earlier are performing well and provide vital services for telecommunications, television, meteorology, disaster warning and distress detection. The latest INSAT series will include new features like Kit-band transponders and mobile satellite service, transponders. The remote-sensing satellites, launched in 1988 and 1991, have already become the mainstays of the natural resource management system of the country. The communicate launch of advanced remote sensing satellite will not only enhance the scope of their application, but will also bring home the bacon commercial service to other countries.The most significant milestone of the Indian Space Programme during the year 2005-06 was the successful launch of PSLV-C6. On may 5, 2006, the ninth flight of Polar Satellite Launch fomite (PSLV-C6) from Satish Dhawan S pace centre (SDSC) SHAR, Sriharikota successfully placed two satellites-1560 kg CARTOSTAR-1 and 42 kg HAMSAT-into a predetermined polar Sun Synchronous Orbit (SSO). The successful launch of INSAT-4A, the heaviest and most powerful Satellite built by India so far, on 22 December 2005 was the other major event of the year 2005-06. INSAT-4A is capable of providing Direct-To-Home (DTH) television broadcasting services.The Indian space programme entered a new era when ISROs Polar Satellite Launch vehicle (PSLV)-C7 successfully launched on January 10,2007 four satellites into high polar orbit from Satish Dhawan Space nerve (SDSC), Sriharikota. The four satellites put into orbit were Indias CARTUSAT-2 and space Capsule Recovery Experiment. (SRE-1), Indonesias LAPAN-TUBSAT and Argentinas PEHUENSAT-1. The Indian achievement in the application of space-based remote sensing technology has led a US company to enter into an agreement for marketing the data from Indian satellites globally.India s progress in space technology has attracted worldwide attention and demand, with leasing agreements for marketing of IRS data and supply of space hardware and services. India also believes in co-operation in space with agencies all over the world. A high-level UN squad selected India for setting up a UN Centre for Space Science and Technology Education. India is on the threshold of achieving self-reliance in the launch capability. It will be a befitting tribute to the father of the Indian space program, Dr. Vikararn Sarabhai, whose ninetieth birth anniversary was observed in August 2006.India has been the forerunner among the growing countries in promoting multi-disciplinary activities in the field of biotechnology, recognizing the practically unlimited possibility of their applications in increasing agri heathenish and industrial production, and in improving human and tool life. The nucleus of research in this area is the National Biotechnology Board, represent in 1982. A Depa rtment of Biotechnology was created in 1986. Recently, the Biotechnology kitty India Limited was set up. It will play the role of catalyst in bridging the crack between Research and Development, Industrial and Financial Institutions.Some of the new initiatives taken include developing techniques for gene mapping, conservation of biodiversity and bio indicators research, special biotechnology programs for the benefit of die scheduled castes and scheduled tribes and activities in the area of plantation oops. The areas, which have been receiving attention, are cattle herd improvement through embryo fare technology, in vitro propagation of disease resistant plant varieties for obtaining higher yields, and development of vaccines for various diseases.Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) was established in 1942, and is today the premier institution for scientific and industrial research. It has a network of 40 laboratories, two co-operative industrial research institutio ns and more than 100 extension and field centres. The Councils research programs are directed towards effective utilization of the countrys natural resources and development of new processes and products for economic progress. It is now playing a leading role in the fulfillment of the technology missions evolved by the Government.Thus, we see that India has made unprecedented development in the field of scientific research and technology during the post-independence consequence and this just seems to be the beginning of a road with endless possibilities. all(a) we need is to plan and organize in a way so as to be able to harness our intelligentsia in the right(a) direction and provide it with the right opportunities. Science has been a major force in the development of the modern world. It has had a great impact on industry, commerce and the accessible life of nations. India is rightly proud of the high worldwide standing of its scientific fellowship.The rapid growth in its hea vy industrial sector is one testament to this achievement. Yet at a sequence when new advances are being made in almost all fields of investigation and practical application, the fact remains that ninety pct of the country lies outside the influence of science, unaffected or barely touched by the rapid growth in knowledge and the new technologies that have evolved. This is a country where highly advanced industry lives on side primitive agriculture, but separated by an immense generation gap &8212 a gap in education, prosperity and motivation.The reason for this is that science as it exists here today is not a natural development of nor integrated with the life of the nation. Rather it has been obligate as a superstructure on the affable and economic life of the country and has failed to become a dynamic force for widespread social upliftment. Government planners have recognized this gap which divides the nation by a few centuries of progress and we are now visual perception the scratch real attempts to bridge the distance. The problem of development is twofold.It is a task of awakening the sleeping potential of the country and educating it for effective action. It is also a task of adapting and molding the latest discoveries, technologies and life styles imported from the western world into a form and spirit in harmony with Indias social and cultural heritage. In the field of science this dual necessity can soft be seen. It is not enough that we create in the people an cheer in modern technology or a willingness to adopt it.It is first essential that the scientific confederation in India adapt itself to the needs of the country and the people. The pivotal questions are how to involve scientists in evolving technologies relevant to the present needs of the people &8212 which means the rural communities &8212 and how to ensure the application of alert knowledge in the field of agriculture, industry and social life. In the developed countries which passe d through the Industrial Revolution, science has come to occupy its present position through successive stages of natural social evolution.Among the conditions responsible for this development were the birth of democracy and political freedom, the spread of education, the rise of critical mental enquiry as a reaction to the dogmatism of Christianity and the vibrant expansion of human society through the opening of world wide commerce. Mind began to revolt against stagnation and religious fanaticism and to actively look for relationships between natural phenomena. hunch was given scope for expression. This mental awakening took place in the scene of an industrial revolution.That is, mental enquiry at once expressed itself through the observation of natural law and the application of this knowledge for devising instruments of social utility. Mind arrogantly proclaimed itself the ruler of man and nature. Pure science and applied technology grew side by side integrated with the societ y in which they rose through progressive stages of development. The industrial revolution sorb the great mental energies unleashed by scientific enquiry. IMPORTED SCIENCE During the result of western industrialisation India was, historically speaking, in decline.Her population had learned to live on a subsistence level. The support of religion, culture and spirituality preserved social contentment and traditional ways. Society lacked the impetus to grow and expand. Science as a social institution and organised way of life came to India only after independence. Here it did not arise naturally out of the existing social conditions but rather came as a decision by the national and government leaders to imitate the developmental achievements of the West.It was not born(p) of a ripened mental climate for creative thought nor from a condition of great commercial activity and expression. In other words, it was imposed as a superstructure on top of the nation without reference to the t angle need of the people or the stage of its historical and sociological evolution. AGRICULTURE, semen INDUSTRIAL CUM SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT Today the scientific community transcends national borders and social customs. It is truly international in outlook, exchange of knowledge, participation of members.A scientist draws inspiration in being recognised by the higher echelons of the international community. To this extent the scientist has become insulated from the social aviation of the country in which he lives. This is especially true in India where science was never integrated with its social base. The problem facing us is to propose ways and means to accomplish this social integration of scientific knowledge and the community of scientists in India.The development of science in a society occurs under certain social conditions and progresses through certain stages of development. Neither these conditions nor stages can be completely eliminated though they may vary in their mak e-up and duration. But it is possible to foster the conditions which will accelerate a natural progressive development. For science to be integrated with life, it means that scientific knowledge and technology must be applied in the context of daily life which in India centers round agriculture and to a lesser extent industry and commerce.In fact the tasks of promoting the unsophisticated and industrial development of the nation and the application of science to social life are essentially one. The proper atmosphere must be created for a natural development of science in conjunction with agriculture and industry. The linking of these one-third is the key to national development. VILLAGE BASED SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION When the scientific community turns its attention to advancing rural life, the conditions will be right for a socio-scientific revolution at the village level. Rural life in India means agriculture and agro-based industries.Already agriculture is being modernised throu gh presentment of new hybrid crops, and the growing utilization of fertilizers and chemicals. Rural youth are becoming accustomed to the operation of machinery. More agricultural products are being converted into consumer goods through agro-based industries. But for the rural people to rise in a higher place the level of the soil and develop mentally and scientifically, it is necessary to release the dynamism of the village population. The real lever of development is the releasing and channeling of the social energies of the people.This can be accomplished when a few individuals in every community are made to see and benefit materially from the application of scientific techniques in their daily life. Once a few have prospered in this manner, whole villages will follow suit. Space science Space activities in the country started during early 1960s with the scientific investigation of upper atmosphere and ionosphere over the magnetic equator that passes over Thumba practiced Thir uvananthapuram using small looking rockets Realising the immense potential of space technology for national development, Dr.Vikram Sarabhai, the visionary leader envisioned that this powerful technology could play a meaningful role in national development and solving the problems of common man. Thus, Indian Space programme born in the church beginning, space activities in the country, change state on achieving self reliance and developing capability to build and launch communication satellites for television broadcast, telecommunications and meteorological applications remote sensing satellites for management of natural resources.The objective of ISRO is to develop space technology and its application to various national tasks. Accordingly, Indian Space Research organisation (ISRO) has successfully operationalised two major satellite systems namely Indian National Satellites (INSAT) for communication services and Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites for management of natural re sources also, Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) for launching IRS type of satellites and Geostationary Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) for launching INSAT type of satellites.The Space Commission formulates the policies and oversees the implementation of the Indian space programme to promote the development and application of space science and technology for the socio-economic benefit of the country. DOS implements these programmes through, mainly Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL), North Eastern-Space Applications Centre (NE-SAC) and Semi-Conductor Laboratory (SCL).The Antrix Corporation, established in 1992 as a government owned company, markets the space products and services Department of Atomic animation The Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) was set-up on August 3, 1954 under the direct charge of the Prime Minister through a Presidential Order. The vision of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) is to empower India through technology, creation of more wealth and providing remedy quality of life to its citizen.This is to be achieved by making India energy independent, contributing to provision of sufficient, safe and nutritious food and better health care to our people through development and deployment of nuclear and beam of light technologies and their applications. DAE is engaged in the design, construction and operation of nuclear power/research reactors and the supporting nuclear fuel cycle technologies covering exploration, mining and impact of nuclear minerals, production of heavy water, nuclear fuel fabrication, fuel reprocessing and nuclear waste management. It is also eveloping advanced technologies that contribute to the national prosperity. The spin-off technologies, human resource developed and technical services being rendered by the Department have been greatly helping the Indian industry. The Department is also developing better crop varieties , techniques for control/eradication of insects thus protecting the crops, beam based post harvest technologies, radiation based techniques for diagnosis and therapy of disease particularly cancer, technologies for safe drinking water, better environment and robust industry.Main condense areas of work in DAE are Increasing share of nuclear power through deployment of indigenous and other proven technologies, along with development of fast breeder reactors and thorium reactors with associated fuel cycle facilities. 1. Building and operation of research reactors for production of radioisotopes and carrying out radiation technology applications in the field of medicine, agriculture and industry. 2.Developing advanced technologies such as accelerators, lasers, supercomputers, advanced materials and instrumentation, and encouraging transfer of technology to industry. 3. Support to basic research in nuclear energy and link up frontier areas of science, interaction with universities and academic institutions, support to research and development projects having a bearing in DAEs programmes and international co-operation in related advanced areas of research and 4. Contribution to national security.DAE has made the following significant contributions of DAE to the national initiatives 1. AGRICULTURE Enhanced production of oilseeds and pulses 2. EDUCATION, HEALTH i. Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) ii. National Initiative on Undergraduate Science (NIUS) iii. Countrywide Services in Cancer through Telemedicine 3. FOOD &038 NUTRITION SECURITYRadiation affect of Food &038 Agro Products 4. WATER RESOURCESDesalination in water scarcity areas along the sea coast 5.ENERGY SECURITY Electricity supply in near and long term ensuring long term sustainable development. Solar Energy Research Initiative Department of Science and Technology (DST) is primarily mandated with promotion of R activities. Accordingly, DSTs initiative on Solar Energy is positioned upriver with thru st on enabling knowledge based R activities for holy gamut of solar technologies including balance of systems. This is expected to be achieved through nurturing of R groups, formation of consortia and setting up of State-of-art facilities.Solar Energy utilization for applications both for power as well as other than power generation with a view to provide convergent technology solutions under real-life conditions are being explored and assessed. DST in recent times has made foray in the area of solar energy through various parallel independent initiatives with distinct objectives. S Inputs for Policy Formulation Precompetitive Research &038 Technology Upgradation Basic Research and dissolute Technologies International Cooperation Enabling R for Solar Technologies

Critical Review of Cook,  V. (1999). Going Beyond the Native Speaker in Language Teaching

Critical Review 1 Review shit,V. (1999). sledding beyond the inborn utterer in verbiage teaching. TESOL Quarterly, 33(2), 185. In his article, circumvent argues that the emphasis or dependence of aborigine speaker determine(NSM) in language teaching is non necessary. It is time to adopt non-native models two for language reading and teaching, and he provides some possible teaching methods. Firstly, take in defines the native speaker and L2 users.Then he discusses the slight but salient differences between monolingual native speakers and multilingual native speakers in terms of multicompetence so that there is no stable NSM. He also argues NSM is implicit and L2 users are actually utilize L2 incompatiblely instead of deficiently from monolingual bias perspective, which means native-speaker level is not a must, even impractical, to most of L2 users because they do not need to extol their identity element through the L2 and only few L2 users nonplus achieved native-spea ker proficiency.After this series of arguments, take a shit proposes some practical suggestions of successful L2 user as models and applying L1 for teaching methods. Cook concludes that more emphasis should be added on the skillful L2 users and on utilize L1, and teaching language is not to imitate native speakers but to helper learners so that L2 learners are successful in terms of multicompetent. In ecumenical this article is refreshing, especially 14 years ago. I absolutely couple with Cook that successful L2 learners are successful multicompetent speakers, not failed native speakers (p. 04). In non- communicatory countries like China where English is neither an official language nor a lingua franca, a simple English native speaker, without teaching vexs or educational professional background, stack be admired as a language specialist or an English authority only because he speaks so-called pure English. It is the time, 14 years later afterward this article has been publi shed, to establish a positive image of nonnative-speaker teachers for the sake of both themselves and their students and for the fanatics of NSM to wake up.While in other places where English is adopted as a lingua franca, the reduction of NSM is more meaningful in the way of world equal, due to the speakers various lingual preferences and cultural backgrounds. Actually, nine years originally this article, Rampton (1990) had called on the professionals to label native speakers as language experts in enunciate to shift the emphasis from who you are to what you know (p. 99). So in this sense, Cook affords L2 users agency on learning to use L2 instead of to transform their identity into native speakers. However, uncertainties still remain.First, although the author offers the definition of L2 users and even place it from L2 learners, he does not make it specific what kind of languages one uses can be considered L2s in his statement. For example, languages learned at what age or for what reason can be ones L2? Or can one who learns L2 as an adult in order to stay alive in English-speaking countries be the same as one who simply uses L2 to serve foreigners in his own country? Second, the author observes that students may feel overwhelmed by native-speaker teachers who have achieved a perfection that is out of the students reach. (p. 00) I think the author approximately overstates the students fear of native speakers. The author himself admits that some L2 users could pass for native speakers, so why should all L2 learners be taken as not extraordinary(p) in the first place? Also, the NS teachers do not only epitomise fluent target-language speakers, but also a bridge that connects two different cultures, which is cherished by students as well. Furthermore, according to Derrida (1998), language itself is essentially autocratic, thus both native speaker and L2 users are oppressed by language and nonnative-speaker teachers could also be overwhelming to the st udents.Third, since research supports the idea that teachers unravel to teach the way they learn (Stitt-Gohdes, 2001), the nonnative-speaker teachers can be a distinguished example of successful L2 user, because such teachers are not only weakly as Cook states or presents a more achievable model (p. 200) but also they can share or deliver their knowledge, experience and strategies of becoming a successful L2 user. Fourth, the author mentions successful L2 users several time but does not give a definition or amount of it.Thus it makes me confused because is a successful L2 user one who is infinitely rigorous to the native speakers? 733 words Reference Derrida, J. (1998). Monolingualism of the other or, the prosthesis of origins. Standford, CA Stanford University Press. Rampton,M. (1990). Displacing the native speaker Expertise, affiliation, and inheritance. ELT Journal, 44(2), 97-101. Stitt-Gohdes,W. (2001). Business education students preferred learning styles and their teacher s preferred instructional styles Do they match? Delta Pi Epsilon Journal, 43(3), 137-151.

Rethinking Marketing Essay

Companies today have technology that enables them to interact directly with guests. Firms must have got use of this technology to focus on client needs and coach into node-oriented companies rather than product oriented ones. In order to facilitate this swap a change in the companys strategies as considerably as structure becomes necessary. This change includes reinventing the organizations marketing de component contributionment entirely. One much(prenominal) change in strategy involves customer cultivation. Companies must move from macrocosm handed-down companies to customer cultivating companies. A customer cultivating company is one that focuses on individual or small groups of customers as opposed to a traditional company that focuses on the mass. Many firms today are trying to fare this strategy work. For example IBM, Tesco and American express.Next we come to change in structure, which involves reorganizing the marketing department. * Firstly CMOs must be replaced b y CCOs (chief customer officer). The CCOs job is to plan and machine the firms customer relationship strategy and make out all customer- veneering functions. * Secondly under the CCO will work the customer managers who call the customers needs and direct brand mangers to fulfill those needs. * Customer- facing functions some functions such as the customer relationship management that forms a part of the IT department must be made a part of the customer department. CRM (a tool for gauging customer needs and behavior) contains the data needed to implement customer cultivation strategy and hence essentially forms a part of the customer department.* Market research market research changes to become more customer focused as well. * Research and Development marketing and R&D must be integrated so that the customer itself can be brought into the process of designing products. * Customer service the customer department must handle this service to ensure both feel and building long-t erm relationships with customers.With change in strategy there comes a need to change the measures that gauge the effectiveness of the strategy as well. These changes in measures are as follows* Product profitability to customer profitability* rate of flow sales to customer lifetime value* Brand equity to customer equity* And lastly market share to customer equity share. solely in all the article considers reinventing the strategies and structure of companies to make them focus on building lasting customer relations rather that building brands.